TL;DR: A new species of the squat lobster genus Eumunida Smith, 1883, E. multispina is described and illustrated primarily on the basis of two male specimens from the Arabian Sea off the Kerala State, southwestern India, at depths of 250-400 m.
Abstract: A new species of the squat lobster genus Eumunida Smith, 1883 (Chirostyloidea: Eumunididae), E. multispina , is described and illustrated primarily on the basis of two male specimens from the Arabian Sea off the Kerala State, southwestern India, at depths of 250–400 m. One specimen from Lakshadweep, previously identified with E. funambulus Gordon, 1930, is also referred to the new species. The new species is morphologically most similar to E. funambulus among the 29 known congeners, but the presence of four epigastric spines and more numerous lateral spines on the carapace (four on the anterolateral and seven to 10 on the branchial margins) immediately distinguish the new species from E. funambulus . Genetic analysis using the mitochondrial COI and 16S rRNA markers also indicates that the new species is distinct from congenerics for which the sequence data are available.
TL;DR: Morphological and mtDNA evidence and Morphometric data indicate that the two taxa conventionally considered subspecies of F. sublineatus are sufficiently distinct for them to be ranked separately, resulting in two further endemic mammal species in India and Sri Lanka and an increase in Funambulus diversity.
Abstract: The systematics of the dusky striped squirrel, Funambulus sublineatus (Waterhouse, 1838) are reassessed against new evidence following a revision of its genus, Funambulus Lesson, 1835. Mitochondrial DNA suggests that the Sri Lankan subspecies of F. sublineatus is the sister taxon of Funambulus layardi Blyth, 1849, despite its phenotypic similarity to the nominate species. Morphological and mtDNA evidence is presented for these species plus additional mtDNA data from Funambulus palmarum (Linnaeus, 1766) and Funambulus pennantii Wroughton, 1905. Morphometric data indicate that the two taxa conventionally considered subspecies of F. sublineatus are sufficiently distinct for them to be ranked separately, resulting in two further endemic mammal species in India and Sri Lanka and an increase in Funambulus diversity. The name of the Sri Lankan species changes to Funambulus obscurus (Pelzeln and Kohl 1886). Whether the mtDNA phylogeny is a true reflection of F. obscurus and F. layardi remains unresolved pending f...
TL;DR: The morphology and kinetics of germ cell associations, pattern of mitotic divisions, frequency distribution of different cellular associations (stages) and percent degeneration of various germ cells in the squirrel in which spermatogenesis in adults occurs all year round are described.
Abstract: The paper describes in detail the morphology and kinetics of germ cell associations, pattern of mitotic divisions frequency distribution of different cellular associations (stages) and percent degener
TL;DR: The Western Ghats squirrel, Funambulus tristriatus Waterhouse; the South Indian palm squirrel; and the black rat, Rattus rattus Linnaeus were observed to be causing much damage to cocoa in South India; the palm civet, Paradoxurus hermaphroditus Pallas and the bonnet monkey, Macaca radiata Geoffroy were causing minor damage.
Abstract: The Western Ghats squirrel, Funambulus tristriatus Waterhouse; the South Indian palm squirrel, F. palmarum Linnaeus and the black rat, Rattus rattus Linnaeus were observed to be causing much damage to cocoa in South India; the palm civet, Paradoxurus hermaphroditus Pallas and the bonnet monkey, Macaca radiata Geoffroy were causing minor damage. Monthly surveys made for one year in Karnataka showed that the percentage of damage caused by rodents was 29.0; that by civets and monkeys 0.4 and 0.3 respectively. In Kerala and one district of Tamil Nadu rodents were estimated to be causing 15% damage and civets 3%; no monkey damage was found.
TL;DR: The first known cases of leucism in the three-striped palm squirrel in the fragmented forest habitat of Gudalur forest division, Tamil Nadu, Southern India was described in this article.
Abstract: Leucism is a condition characterized by the reduction of all skin pigmentation, generally observed in animals. In this note we describe the first known cases of the leucism in the three-striped palm squirrel in the fragmented forest habitat of Gudalur forest division, Tamil Nadu, Southern India.