Abstract: A series of model pile tests have been performed in the geotechnical centrifuge at the University of Western Australia to study the plugging behaviour of piles in sand. Open and sleeve-ended piles ...

Abstract: A support stand for securing a manufactured building to a foundation. The stand includes a stepwise mechanism for incrementally adjusting the height of the manufactured building relative to its foundation. The stand also includes a height adjustment mechanism for adjusting the height of the manufactured building relative to its foundation within the increments of the stepwise adjusting mechanism. These mechanisms provide the stand with both macro and micro height adjustment capabilities.

Abstract: To address the question “What is the foundation of science?” I base my response on the two substantive constructs of the question: science and foundation.

Abstract: A perimeter-wall foundation is created by attaching galvanized-steel corrugated panels to an in-place structure The freely hanging bottom edges of the panels, which have continuous deformation specific to the enhancement of bearing and anchorage within concrete, are cast in-situ with footing concrete, so becoming a cast-in-place perimeter-wall foundation, capable of residential-scale bearing and shear loadings The panels can have screened ventilation built into the top, utilizing corrugation flute apertures, or they can be thermally optimized for cold climates

Abstract: The authors would like to express their gratitude to the National Science Foundation for their support through Grant CMS - 9526102.

Abstract: This project consisted of a review of current design practice and criteria, ongoing research in seismic design criteria development, and philosophies behind the seismically resistant design of highway structures including bridges, tunnels, and retaining structures. Particular attention was given to foundation design requirements. Recommendations were developed for the future direction of seismic code requirements for bridge structures in the United States. The report is organized in twelve sections. Section 1 provides an introduction. An overview of the design philosophies of various codes throughout the world is discussed in Section 2 along with a summary of their seismic input requirements. Section 2 also includes key issues that need to be addressed in future codes. Sections 3 to 7 summarize the current worldwide design requirements for transportation structures. U.S. bridge requirements are given in Section 3 and New Zealand, Japanese, and European bridge requirements are presented in Section 4. A detailed summary of worldwide bridge code requirements is presented in tabular form in Section 4.4. A summary of worldwide foundation design requirements is given in Section 5 and abutment and retaining wall requirements are presented in Section 6. U.S. and foreign design requirements for tunnels are presented in Section 7. A detailed discussion of a two-level design approach is presented in Section 8, a proposed outline for a future code is presented in Section 9, and topics for additional research and development are presented in Section 10. Section 11 contains symbols and acronyms and Section 12 lists references.

Abstract: A modular forming unit for forming concrete foundation walls having a footing of rectangular cross-section includes a pair of spaced apart form members that are connected by a plurality of stabilizing spacers. The stabilizing spacers permit each complete wall forming unit to be prefabricated to precise dimensions off-site and then transported to the job site. Each pre-fabricated wall form section can then be put in place as a single unit, so that no on ground or below ground assembly is required.

Abstract: crushed stone and sand and gravel, are among the most abundant natural resources and a major basic raw material used by construction, agriculture, and industries employing complex chemical and metallurgical processes. Despite the low value of the basic products, natural aggregates are a major contributor to and an indicator of the economic well-being of the Nation. Aggregates have an amazing variety of uses. Imagine our lives without roads, bridges, streets, bricks, concrete, wall-board, and roofing tiles or without paint, glass, plastics, and medicine. Every small town or big city and every road connecting them were built and are maintained with aggregates. More than 90 percent of asphalt pavements and 80 percent of concrete are aggregates. Paint, paper, plastics, and glass also require sand, gravel, or crushed stone as a constituent. When ground into powder, limestone is used as an important mineral supplement in agriculture, medicine, and household products. Aggregates are also being used more and more to protect our environment. Soil erosion-control programs, water purification, and reduction of sulfur dioxide emissions generated by electric powerplants are just a few examples of such uses. One way to understand and appreciate better the importance of the aggregates industries is to look at their production in the context of all mining. On the basis of either weight or volume, aggregates accounted for more than two-thirds of about 3.3 billion metric tons of nonfuel minerals produced in the United States in 1996. When coal mining is included, the amount of crushed stone and sand and gravel produced still accounts for more than one-half of the volume of all mining and more than twice the amount of coal produced. In this century, the production of aggregates increased from a modest total of about 58 million tons in 1900, when the collection of production statistics began, annual production of crushed stone and construction sand and gravel was the highest ever recorded in the United States for these mineral commodities. It is important to note that of the total natural aggregates produced in this century, more than one-half was produced and consumed in the last 25 years. Of the crushed stone produced in the United States, limestone and dolomite account for 71 percent; granite 15 percent ; and gabbro, basalt, and diabase, also known as traprock, 8 percent. The remaining 6 percent of the crushed stone produced comprises sandstone, quartzite, marble, calcareous marl, slate, shell, and volcanic …

Abstract: A roadway structure comprising from top to bottom: a top layer, at least one rigid foundation layer having a high modulus of rigidity and supporting the top layer, the ground, or an untreated material or a damaged roadway, and in addition particularly having an under layer beneath and adhered to the foundation layer, which under layer has a thickness such that it constitutes a support with a smooth and flat surface for the foundation layer laid thereon.

Abstract: The military and political rule the internal and external environments the colonial legacy the formative years the Civil War years laying a new foundation restructuring the foundation the Babangida years conclusion.

Abstract: A method for increasing the bearing capacity of foundation soils for buildings consisting in providing a plurality of holes (1) spaced from each other deep in the soil, and in injecting into the soil, through the holes (1), a substance (3) which expands as a consequence of a chemical reaction, with a potential increase in volume of at least five times the volume of the substance before expansion; the expansion of the substance (3) injected into the soil producing compaction of the contiguous soil

Abstract: A method for forming a structure by redepositing a starting material on sidewalls of a foundation during an etch of the starting material.

Abstract: A spider for a railroad crossing signal foundation has plastic lined tubular channels extending through it with conical entry sections. In assembling a foundation, upright guide rods are guided into the channels by the entry sections without dislodging the plastic liners. In producing the spider, concrete is poured into a mold about tubular plastic liners so as to form entry sections and channels and to fix the plastic liners in the concrete to line the channels.

Abstract: During the past 10 years, 15 gravity structures have been installed in the northern North Sea. As new gravity structures are being designed for installation on softer soils and at greater depths, they still pose a great challenge to soil mechanics and foundation engineering. Great improvements have been made during the past 10-year period. This applies to soil investigations, in-situ measurements, undisturbed sampling, laboratory testing and design analyses. Compared to structures on land, offshore gravity structures are characterised by large foundation areas, the installation method, and the cyclic wave loading state. The paper reviews soil investigation methods, site and soil conditions, construction principles, instrumentation and installation. The main emphasis, however, is given to current foundation design practice and experiences gained from full scale measurements.

Abstract: Liquefaction failure, including large lateral displacements and associated settlement, severely damaged marina facilities at Redondo Beach King Harbor during the Northridge Earthquake of January 17, 1994. Although minor ground deformation apparently occurred in several areas of the harbor, severe damage was restricted to the central portion of mole B, one of four offshore fills constructed as a part of marina improvements in 1960–61. Local ground conditions and methods used to remediate liquefaction are presented and discussed. Two ground modification techniques were used to mitigate the liquefaction potential of the reconstructed mole b facilities. The major portion of the failure area was treated with vibroreplacement stone columns. Vibratory displacement and installation of the gravel columns not only densified the foundation soils, but also provide additional strength and drainage capacity. Compaction grouting was used to densify foundation soils in the vicinity of existing improvements that were considered sensitive to construction-induced ground vibrations. These ground improvement techniques effectively reduced the liquefaction potential and allowed the marina improvements to be reconstructed on shallow foundations similar to the original design.

Abstract: A method for increasing the bearing capacity of foundation soils for built structures consisting of providing a plurality of holes spaced from each other deep in the soil, and injecting into the soil, through the holes, a substance which expands as a consequence of a chemical reaction, with a potential increase in volume of at least five times the volume of the substance before expansion. The expansion of the substance injected into the soil produces compaction of the contiguous soil.

Abstract: : The U.S. Army Corps of Engineers is responsible for designing and maintaining a large number of navigation and flood control structures. Many of the older massive concrete gravity hydraulic structures are being examined to determine if rehabilitation is required to meet stability criteria. The procedures currently used for evaluating the safety of existing massive hydraulic structures are the conventional equilibrium methods, which are the same general methods used in the design of these structures. Because the conditions of equilibrium are insufficient for a complete analysis of all aspects of structure foundation interaction involved in the stability and performance of these structures (soil structure foundation interaction in the case of earth retaining structures), these conventional equilibrium methods necessarily involve assumptions regarding aspects of the loading forces and the resisting forces that act on the hydraulic structures. Differences between actual field performance and calculations from conventional analysis have been noted for some existing hydraulic structures. Conventional design methods were developed based largely on classical limit equilibrium analysis without regard to deformation related concepts. Today, analytical tools such as the finite element method (FEM) are available which consider the manner in which the loads and resistance are developed as a function of the stiffnesses of the foundation rock, the structure foundation interface, and rock joints within the foundation. These analytical tools provide a means to evaluate the conventional equilibrium-based design methods used to evaluate the safety of existing hydraulic structures, and specifically, to identify and investigate key assumptions used in safety calculations from the conventional analysis.

Abstract: A combination drainage system and radon gas venting system for a structure foundation as disclosed which utilizes solid rubber particle fill as a free draining and venting medium.