Abstract: A new design method for a foundation on a soil reinforced by columns is described. A lower bound of the bearing capacity is determined within the framework of the yield design theory. It takes into account the three-dimensional nature of the problem and is applicable to a wide range of geometries. A parametric study on the improvement of the bearing capacity as a function of the proportion of reinforcement, and on the strength characteristics, is presented. A complete analytical solution is given for the strength of a composite cell subjected to a triaxial loading, which provides an insight into the reinforcement mechanism.

Abstract: By means of scaled modeling on a geotechnical centrifuge, a systematic experimental investigation was conducted to examine the vertical dynamic response of surface foundations on granular soils. From the results of more than 100 tests, it was found that the dynamic characteristics of such foundations can be well represented in the frequency domain by the homogeneous half-space analytical solution despite the gravity- and load-induced spaital variations of the soil’s modulus. However, it was also revealed that the foundation response has a significant nonlinear dependence on the soil bearing pressure and footing dimension. To capture such aspects, a set of equivalent-homogeneous elastic parameters was determined from the physical measurements for a wide range of soil-foundation configurations. Through an analytical synthesis, it was found that the equivalent-homogeneous Poisson’s ratio of the soil can be taken as 0.25 while the equivalent-homogeneous shear modulus of the soil can be related through a power law to the soil’s void ratio, footing radius, and average foundation bearing pressure. The practical relevance and potential applications of the resulting semi-empirical formula for the dynamic foundation compliance are discussed.

Abstract: The linear response of a selected arch dam to harmonic upstream, vertical or cross-stream ground motion is presented for a wide range of the important system parameters characterizing the properties of the dam, foundation rock, impounded water and reservoir boundary materials. Based on these frequency-response functions, the dam-foundation rock interaction effects in the dynamic response of arch dams are investigated.

Abstract: SUMMARY The paper reminisces the history of one of the wide used theoretical models of the substructure, the Winkler foundation.

Abstract: This book forms the sixth edition of the publication, revised in accordance with recent developments in foundation design and construction techniques. Areas covered include: (a) site investigations and soil mechanics; (b) general principles of foundation design; (c) foundation design in relation to ground movements; (d) spread and deepshaft foundations; (e) buoyancy rafts and basements; (f) bridge foundations; (g) the carrying capacity of piles and pile groups; (h) design and construction of piled foundations; (i) foundation construction; (j) cofferdams; (k) geotechnical processes; (l) shoring and underpinning; (m) the protection of foundation structures against attack by soils and groundwater.

Abstract: A system for heating and ventilating a building which includes a generally peripheral foundation element (1) which supports the external walls (11) of the building. Room air is heated and circulated below the floor and up through floor openings (26) at the external walls (11). A barrier (15) is connected to the foundation wall (1) so as to span the area enclosed by the foundation wall (1) at a level beneath the floor (25). Exhaust air is conducted to a region (7) beneath the barrier (15) for surface-enlarged contact with the underside of the barrier (15). The foundation element and/or the base (17) that supports the foundation element is permeable to air along essentially its full length beneath where the foundation element connects with the barrier and exhaust air flows out through the foundation element or its supporting material while effecting an exchange of heat therewith.

Abstract: The foundation in the desert Bernard of Fontaines the abbey - foundation, construction, layout and resources the monks, the monastery and the monastic day from St Bernard to the French Revolution - postscript after the storm, 1789 to the present day Appendices: A description of Clairvaux the abbeys - a gazetteer staying in a Cistercian abbey

Abstract: A vast amount of earthquake response records of an observation tower are used together with microtremor data to investigate various aspects of the dynamic behaviour of the soil-structure system. It is found that separation of the soil from the structure occurs under large dynamic loads, leading to changes in the predominant frequency of the system. As a result of the decreasing of the soil support at the side walls of the foundation, the stress caused by the structural weight on the bottom soil increases during earthquakes. With regard to its practical applicability, a linear sway-rocking model is applied for numerical modelling of the soil-structure system. Alterations in the soil support as a result of soil non-linearity and separation of the structure from the soil are investigated by comparing recorded and simulated structural response. The influence of each of these factors on the softening of the soil support is distinctly assessed. An empirical relationship between the peak ground velocity and the soil constants for earthquake excitations of different magnitude is presented.

Abstract: A slab pattern tool for termite treatment drilling in which the tool comprises a drill pattern (11) with a series of color coordinated drilling holes (12) wherein the colors represent different spacing patterns, and a set of adjustment footings (14) which abut the wall of the building being treated and allow for adjustment away from the foundation footing at the wall.

Abstract: PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To enable improvement of a flexural strength of the connecting part of a pier and a footing without impairing the strength of the footing, by a method wherein a reinforcing steel sheet reinforcing the pier and the footing of the foundation are made monolithic by encasing concrete. SOLUTION: Reinforcing steel sheets 7 are lined in the shape of a vertical tube surrounding a pier 1a formed of reinforcing bars 3 and concrete 4. A plurality of studs 8 are provided in projection on the outer peripheral surface of the lower part of the reinforcing steel sheets 7. A plurality of insertion bars 9 are planted on the upper side of a footing 2 formed of reinforcing bars 5 and concrete 6. Then, the studs 8 provided in projection on the reinforcing steel sheets 7 and the insertion bars 9 inserted into the upper side of the footing 2 are made monolithic by encasing concrete 10. Thereby the load in the axial direction of the reinforcing steel sheets 4 is transmitted to the footing 2. COPYRIGHT: (C)1997,JPO

Abstract: PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To simply detect occurrence of defect of a foundation pile for supporting the foundation of a building or the like, and a position where the defect is present. SOLUTION: A drilled hole 27 is formed in the ground surface in the vicinity of a foundation 23 and a foundation pile 25, and accelerometers 29 are arranged in the hole 27 at predetermined intervals. Thereafter, the upper surface of the foundation 23 exposed from the ground surface is hit by a hammer so as to vibrate the foundation 23, and accordingly, an elastic wave induced in the foundation pile 25 and transmitted through the ground is detected by the accelerometers 29. The detection signal is processed so as to calculate a reciprocating period of the elastic wave in the foundation pile 25 and the position of a lower reflecting point. When the lower reflecting point is not at the front end of the pile, it can be determined that defect is present at the reflecting point.

Abstract: A nuclear power generation complex constructed on a stratum of rock overlain by soil deposits. All major structures in the power generation complex (i.e., reactor, turbine, radwaste and control buildings) are located on a common mat foundation that houses elastomeric bearings or seismic isolators. The foundation includes a concrete slab supported by a plurality of pedestals. Each of the pedestals is embedded in the rock. Preferably, each pedestal is a circular metal shell filled with underwater-type concrete, and the concrete slab is reinforced with steel bars. For example, a reactor building is supported by one set of seismic isolators mounted on the concrete slab, and a turbine building is supported by another set of seismic isolators mounted on the concrete slab. The isolators filter out a great deal of the seismic vibratory inputs. The common mat foundation eliminates differential movements between the buildings.

Abstract: A new discrete model for the study of dynamic interaction phenomena between adjacent, rigid foundations on a homogeneous, linear elastic half-space is presented. Each dynamic degree of freedom of the foundations consists of a mass connected to a rigid support through frequency independent springs and dashpots. The interaction between the foundations is achieved by imposing spring and damping couplings developed in this work. The time lagging effects of coupled dynamic input due to wave propagation is also considered through a proposed modified vector approach.

Abstract: PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To prevent a flowing load or the load of a surface layer from being transmitted to a foundation by constructing an underground wall continued so as to nip each foundation from mutually opposed directions and surround the ground between adjacent foundations, and fixing the underground wall to the foundation by an anchor. SOLUTION: A continued underground wall 12 is fixed to a foundation 22 by an anchor 13. The underground wall 12 is formed by connecting steel sheet piles, and arranged so as to nip the foundation 22 from two opposed directions and surround the ground between the foundations 22. As the steel sheet piles, those having a length such that the underground wall 12 penetrates through liquefied layer 24 are used. An underground beam 11 is integrally formed on the upper end of the underground wall 12. Further, the ground surrounded by the foundation 22 and the underground wall 12 is soil-improved. A pipe having a tip extending to the liquefied layer 24 is provided on the side ground of the foundation 22 to drain ground water. Thus, the foundation can be isolated from the peripheral surface layer by the underground wall 12, and the surface layer is moved in the side flowing direction along the undergroundwall 12 even if the ambient ground is liquefied, so that the transmission to each foundation can be prevented. COPYRIGHT: (C)1997,JPO

Abstract: To connect a prefabricated steel pipe pillar on a pouring pile foundation, insert a work tube in the reinforcing steel cage of the pouring pile, then pour concrete until marked height, chiselling the pile top, and install a positioning device on the pile top, hang the prefabricated steel pipe over the pile, fix a positioning frame on the top of the steel pipe, then pour concrete into the steel pipe, pull up the work tube, thus forming a composite pile. The present method is simple and convenient, it can guarantee the verticality within the range of 1/600 pillar height.

Abstract: The fixing system comprises a profiled section (2) which connects the plates (3) and wall or foundation body (4) together. Milled areas (5) are provided in the sides of the plates facing the foundation wall whereby the cross-sections of these areas are covered by parts of the profiled section. The depth of the milled area is a third to half the thickness of the compact plate. The milled area extends over a part or all of the plate. It preferably has a dovetailed cross-section.

Abstract: PURPOSE: To obtain a connection structure which requires only a small space and which can be easily constructed, by fixing a steel pipe provided with external protrusions to the head of a foundation pile and fitting a large diameter steel pipe provided with internal protrusions on the above pipe and placing concrete in the inside to unify them. CONSTITUTION: A steel pipe 2 provided with protrusions 4 at the external face is fixed to the head of a foundation pile made of a driving steel pipe pile, a soil cement composite steel pipe pile, a cast-in-place steel pipe concrete pile, etc. and a large diameter steel pipe 1 provided with protrusions 4 at the internal face is fitted. The protrusions 4 are formed as spirals or intermittent stripes to place concrete without voids and unify them more securely. Concrete 3 is placed in the inside of steel pipes 1, 2 to connect together and a footing or a column base is connected through the steel pipe 1. This structure dispenses with auxiliary metal fittings for connection of a foundation slab or a steel cage or the like. In this way, a connection structure which is easily constructed can be obtained. COPYRIGHT: (C)1996,JPO

Abstract: A transmission and reception antenna of a georadar are moved continuously or discontinuously along the track at a speed of from 3 to 50 km/h. The recorded radar graph is calibrated using calibration trials. The georadar is used as an indirect method in combination with a conventional direct method to achieve comprehensive and substantially non-destructive state determination with a high geotechnical safety level. Combined transmitter/receiver antennas, one transmitter per receiver antenna, or one transmitter per several receiver antennas may be used.

Abstract: The paper discusses the important contribution that engineering geology makes to the construction processes of excavation and the forming of foundations. The contribution to the construction of highways is described. In particular, the influence of geology on cut slope stability, soft and hard ground excavation (including tunnelling), bearing capacity, settlement, subsidence and the choice of foundation type are all considered. Particular problems associated with the use of fills and waste materials are also mentioned. The importance of adequate site investigation is stressed.

Abstract: For the formation of a foundation for masts, posts, pillars, etc., wherein the foundation comprises a foundation tube (3) which is lowered into a pre-drilled hole (2) in the ground (1), where the pre-drilled hole has a diameter larger than the diameter of the tube (3) and where at least the space between tube (3) and ground (1) is filled with a casting mixture (8), e.g. concrete, a tube (3) is used which is designed with perforations (4) in its lower area. The foundation tube (3) is equipped with a coating which gives the tube protection against corrosion, and possibly also an electrical insulation. The coatings can have a rough surface in order to crate the best possible adhesion to the casting mixture. In order to ensure that the coated foundation tube (3) is safely lowered into the hole, it is first lined with a casing (13), which is removed during or immediately after the casting.

Abstract: PURPOSE: To construct such a columnar hollow structure as being high in tenacity and excellent in earthquake-proofness in a short term of works. CONSTITUTION: A base bottom part segment 3 is locked on a concrete foundation by an anchor bolt 4, and hybrid prefabricated segments 10 are stacked up on this base bottom part segment 3 with an anchor segment held in between, thereby assembling a hollow columnar structure 1. A PC cable 30 is spread across between the base bottom part segment 3 and the anchor segment 20 and installed in the hollow part. The hybrid prefabricated segments 10 consists in a compound member between sheet steel and concrete, and they are stacked in piles alternately with both horizontal and vertical surfaces stepwise and welded with one another. COPYRIGHT: (C)1996,JPO