Showing papers on "Foundation (engineering) published in 1991"
TL;DR: Concrete Mathematics as discussed by the authors is a collection of techniques for solving problems in computer science, and it is an indispensable text and reference not only for computer scientists - the authors themselves rely heavily on it! - but for serious users of mathematics in virtually every discipline.
Abstract: From the Publisher:
This book introduces the mathematics that supports advanced computer programming and the analysis of algorithms. The primary aim of its well-known authors is to provide a solid and relevant base of mathematical skills - the skills needed to solve complex problems, to evaluate horrendous sums, and to discover subtle patterns in data. It is an indispensable text and reference not only for computer scientists - the authors themselves rely heavily on it! - but for serious users of mathematics in virtually every discipline.
Concrete Mathematics is a blending of CONtinuous and disCRETE mathematics. \"More concretely,\" the authors explain, \"it is the controlled manipulation of mathematical formulas, using a collection of techniques for solving problems.\" The subject matter is primarily an expansion of the Mathematical Preliminaries section in Knuth's classic Art of Computer Programming, but the style of presentation is more leisurely, and individual topics are covered more deeply. Several new topics have been added, and the most significant ideas have been traced to their historical roots. The book includes more than 500 exercises, divided into six categories. Complete answers are provided for all exercises, except research problems, making the book particularly valuable for self-study.
Major topics include:
Sums
Recurrences
Integer functions
Elementary number theory
Binomial coefficients
Generating functions
Discrete probability
Asymptotic methods
This second edition includes important new material about mechanical summation. In response to the widespread use ofthe first edition as a reference book, the bibliography and index have also been expanded, and additional nontrivial improvements can be found on almost every page. Readers will appreciate the informal style of Concrete Mathematics. Particularly enjoyable are the marginal graffiti contributed by students who have taken courses based on this material. The authors want to convey not only the importance of the techniques presented, but some of the fun in learning and using them.
2,882 citations
TL;DR: In this article, a method to evaluate settlements and rotations of rigid shallow foundations on sand under the combined action of inclined and eccentric loads is presented, based on the hypotheses that the foundation and the soil can be considered as a macro-element for which the loadings act as generalized stress variables while the displacements and rotation of the foundation are the corresponding generalized strain variables.
Abstract: A method to evaluate settlements and rotations of rigid shallow foundations on sand under the combined action of inclined and eccentric loads is presented. Experimental results obtained on a model strip foundation are shown first. Next, a mathematical model is formulated which is based on the hypotheses that (a) the foundation and the soil can be considered as a macro-element for which the loadings act as generalized stress variables while the displacements and rotation of the foundation are the corresponding generalized strain variables; and (b) the constitutive law of the macro-element, that is the relationship between generalized stress and strain rates, is rigid-plastic strain-hardening with a non-associated flow rule. Constitutive functions and parameters are determined by means of simple calibration tests. Predictions of the theory are then compared with experimental results in tests where loadings vary in a complex way up to foundation failure. It is shown that experimental evidence is well matched...
410 citations
81 citations
Patent•
15 Mar 1991
TL;DR: In this article, the authors describe a walled building with a substantially rigid load bearing space frame comprising a plurality of beams and columns secured to the foundation, and lightweight wall panels extending between the columns.
Abstract: A building (1) or other walled structure has a foundation (6) formed of concrete or the like, a substantially rigid load bearing space frame (2) comprising a plurality of beams (4) and columns (3) secured to the foundation, and lightweight wall panels (5) extending between the columns. The lower edges of the wall panels are located and supported by elongate inserts (12) e.g. angle irons, in channels (11) formed in the foundation, and the upper edges are engaged in downwardly facing channels formed in the beams. In upper storeys, the lower edges of wall panels are engaged in upwardly facing channels also formed in the beams.
50 citations
TL;DR: In this article, the authors present a Web of Science Record created on 2007-04-24, modified on 2016-08-08, with the purpose of obtaining a record of all the articles published in LCH-ARTICLE-1991-002.
Abstract: Note: [116] Reference LCH-ARTICLE-1991-002doi:10.1002/eqe.4290200705View record in Web of Science Record created on 2007-04-24, modified on 2016-08-08
31 citations
30 citations
Book•
1 Oct 1991
TL;DR: In this article, the authors present a case study of cold regions and their management of cold region construction, including foundation construction, road, airfield, and island embankments.
Abstract: Case Studies. Introduction to Cold Regions. Preparing Equipment for Work in the Cold. Foundation Construction. Buildings. Road, Airfield, and Island Embankments. Pipelines. Ice. Management of Cold-Regions Construction. History. Epilogue. References. Appendix. Index.
29 citations
Journal Article•
TL;DR: In the post-custodial era of modem archivy, new operational tactics are being devised by archivists and archival institutions to locate, identify, and preserve the historical past as discussed by the authors.
Abstract: In what has recently been described as the \"post-custodial era\" of modem archivy, new operational tactics are being devised by archivists and archival institutions to locate, identify, and preserve the historical past.' One of the most promising of these schemes proposes to concentrate on the adaptation and expansion of traditional archival knowledge to encourage a more conceptual approach to records appraisal and selection, the primary objective being gradually to evolve a practical intellectual strategy for the archival acquisition of textual documents and other media of in format i~n .~ This new emphasis on the tactic of \"records acquisition strategy,\" however, remains fraught with problems of methodology and analytic interpretation, several of which, no doubt, existed long before the emergence of acquisition strategy as a nascent archival theory, but which, taken together, characterize it. These include the establishment of principles of choice; the definition of the level and the specification of the form of records analysis; the identification and delimitation of the structures, functions, processes, continuities, forces and events that articulate archival material; and the determination of the systemic, causal, analogic or discursive relations that make it possible to identify a homogeneity of records.
Patent•
20 Aug 1991
TL;DR: In this paper, a foundation support apparatus having at least one concrete piling having a plurality of vertical piling sections surrounded by a sleeve having a multiplicity of vertical sleeve sections is provided, which is capable of protecting the piling from uplifting soil pressure occurring in the zone of moisture change.
Abstract: A foundation support apparatus having at least one concrete piling having a plurality of vertical piling sections surrounded by a sleeve having a plurality of vertical sleeve sections is provided. The vertical piling sections extend from the foundation to below the subsurface water table. The sleeve sections form a continuous sleeve capable of protecting the piling from uplifting soil pressure occurring in the zone of moisture change.
Journal Article•
TL;DR: In this article, the design and construction of a geogrid reinforced wall system on a dramatic hillside in San Bruno, California to create stable panoramic building sites within 300 feet of the San Andreas fault is described.
Abstract: The design and construction are described of a geogrid reinforced wall system on a dramatic hillside in San Bruno, California to create stable panoramic building sites within 300 feet of the San Andreas fault The hill consists of a 50 foot high natural 1H:1V slope at its base, surmounted by an 18 foot high reinforced soil wall with attractive masonry facing units The hill is topped by a 3 foot high 2H:1V engineered fill slope leading to a roadway above The geogrid system used had the advantage of developing much of its strength and stability from the reinforced soil mass instead of relying entirely upon the integrity of the outboard weathered bedrock to support the wall foundation This it could withstand a large surcharge load and would be a low height The reinforced soil system also is compliant under conditions of differential movement This geogrid reinforced wall system has proved to be a cost effectivce and aesthetically pleasing design alternative for a site with significant slope, geologic and soil constraints
1 Jan 1991
1 Jan 1991
TL;DR: The triple rod system as discussed by the authors uses a high pressure, horizontal water/air jet to cut and remove the soil while the void created is simultaneously filled by the injection of an engineered grout.
Abstract: The frequency of use of any engineering technique depends mainly on the technical feasibility and economics of the system. In geotechnical engineering, the more problems a construction technique can solve, and the more soil types in which it is effective, the more applications will be available for the system's use. Jet Grouting was first utilized in the United States in the early 1980's and its steady growth has been based on its many geotechnical applications and its effectiveness in a wide range of soils. There are three types of Jet Grouting: the single rod, the double rod and the triple rod systems. This paper will discuss the triple rod system, which uses a high pressure, horizontal water/air jet to cut and remove the soil while the void created is simultaneously filled by the injection of an engineered grout. The final product, called Soilcrete, has the required engineering characteristics to support foundation loads with minimal settlement, to function as excavation support, or to serve as both foundation and excavation support in a single operation. With underpinning of foundations frequently being performed adjacent to proposed excavations, this dual capability increases the system's economic viability. Complementing the triple rod system's versatility is the continued development of equipment capable of working in very tight conditions, including low headroom or within operational buildings. The growing need to solve waste problems offers the latest challenge to the engineering community, including the geotechnical engineer, particularly when contaminants are uncovered beneath existing structures.
Patent•
26 Jul 1991
TL;DR: In this article, a moisture stabilization control system is used to prevent structural damage to foundations due to forces exerted by the expansion and contraction of underlying soil, which can provide water to the soil in specified zones, thereby relieving localized depletions and preventing substantial structural damage.
Abstract: The present invention is a moisture stabilization control system used to prevent structural damage to foundations resulting from forces exerted by the expansion and contraction of underlying soil. Stress sensors are employed to monitor the stress applied against the foudnation. When abnormal amounts of stress are sensed by the system, it compensates for the decreased support of the foundation by injecting water into the soil supporting that foundation until the level of stress is equalized and at the proper amount. The present invention is designed such that it can provide water to the soil in specified zones, thereby relieving localized depletions and preventing substantial structural damage to any foundation.
Dissertation•
1 Jan 1991
TL;DR: In this article, three transient numerical models are presented in order to predict temperatures in different parts of mechanically-ventilated foundations, and one of the models can also be used to predict moisture conditions in mechanically ventilated foundations.
Abstract: This work deals with different types of repair methods for concrete slab on the ground damaged by moisture. Many of the available methods involve some kind of mechanical ventilation of the foundation. The basic principle for all these systems is the same. By establishing air movement through an air-permeable layer below or above the concrete slab, the flowing air can absorb moisture from surrounding materials. When the air has passed through the layer, it is transported out, and away from, the foundation. Three methods of this type have been examined by extensive field rneasurements in a few buildings. Improved drainage system constitute another type of repair method frequently used for Concrete slabs in the ground with moisture problems originating from the ground. A system of this type was investigated in a building for two years . The joint water levels close to the drain pipes and below the building were measured every four hours. Three transient numerical models are presented in the report. All the models can be used to predict temperatures in different parts of mechanically-ventilated foundations. One of the models can also be used to predict moisture conditions in mechanically ventilated foundations. Superposition and scaling were applied in order to demonstrate a method of determining the temperature-distribution in a ventilated layer on the basis of diagrams and simple manual calculations. (Less)
TL;DR: A comparison of three approaches to the solution of the dam-reservoir interaction problem is presented in this article, where a 400-ft high concrete gravity dam, its reservoir and the rigid foundation are subjected to seismic ground motion.
Patent•
29 Jan 1991
TL;DR: A foldable beehive foundation frame presented in the form of a book, where hinges achieve the folding together of adjacent frameworks, is presented in this article, where the foundation is placed between the frameworks and, importantly, when such are closed, the foundations are secured and/or positioned along all four side edges under tension or pressure.
Abstract: A foldable beehive foundation frame presented in the form of a book, where hinges achieve the folding together of adjacent frameworks. The foundation is placed between the frameworks and, importantly, when such are closed, the foundation is secured and/or positioned along all four side edges under tension and/or pressure. Corresponding pins-recesses on the frameworks serve to prevent unwanted slipping between the closed frameworks. Spring wire type latches assure the maintenance of the foundation within the frame, where the foundation (sheet) remains straight and secure, and is prevented from warping and/or distortion, as when replacing the foundation, and, also, due to weather conditions. No tools, jigs or the like are required to replace foundation sheets.
TL;DR: Schilling as discussed by the authors wrote that "post-modern science differs radically from the science of the past" and pointed out that "science is experiencing a tremendous expansion and transformation of man's consciousness".
Abstract: ’Something is happening to man that is so momentous as to constitute a major emergence in his revolution. He is experiencing a tremendous expansion and transformation of his consciousness ...’ So wrote Harold K. Schilling, Emeritus Professor of Physics and Dean of the Graduate School, Pennsylvania State University in 1973. Many factors have contributed to this ’major emergence’. There has been a ’communication explosion’ of information about the structure of the atom, the discovery of chromosomes, genes, DNA, etc. Post-modern science differs radically from the science of the past. It speaks of relativity and quantum physics, of quasars and galaxies, of ’Quarks’ and lasers and psychosomatics; travel has led to more awareness of the beliefs and sensitivities of men and women of differing cultures; the life-experiences of people separated by thousands of miles can be seen on a screen in your home. Many scientists now see the concepts of Scientific Method applying to the ’fringes’ of present knowledge; what today
Journal Article•
TL;DR: In this article, the effects of reinforcement modulus on the development of strain in both the geosynthetic reinforcement and the underlying foundation soil, emphasizing the soft brittle cohesive soils, are discussed.
Abstract: This paper discusses the effects of reinforcement modulus on the development of strain in both the geosynthetic reinforcement and the underlying foundation soil, emphasizing the soft brittle cohesive soils. The type of foundation soils being considered are typical of soft elastic-perfectly plastic soils with and without a higher strength surface crusts. Results from finite element analyses are used to illustrate that potential problems may arise due to strain softening in some brittle soils as a result of adopting allowable reinforcement strains recommended in the literature in a design situation. Some recommendations are made relating to the design approach which should be adopted for these solutions.