Topic
Formothion
About: Formothion is a research topic. Over the lifetime, 58 publications have been published within this topic receiving 781 citations.
Papers published on a yearly basis
Papers
TL;DR: The laboratory resistance and cross-resistance data developed here should provide useful tools and information for designing an insecticide management strategy for controlling this fruit fly in the field.
Abstract: Oriental fruit flies, Bactrocera dorsalis (Hendel), were treated with 10 insecticides, including six organophosphates (naled, trichlorfon, fenitrothion, fenthion, formothion, and malathion), one carbamate (methomyl), and three pyrethroids (cyfluthrin, cypermethrin, and fenvalerate), by a topical application assay under laboratory conditions. Subparental lines of each generation treated with the same insecticide were selected for 30 generations and were designated as x-r lines (x, insecticide; r, resistant). The parent colony was maintained as the susceptible colony. The line treated with naled exhibited the lowest increase in resistance (4.7-fold), whereas the line treated with formothion exhibited the highest increase in resistance (up to 594-fold) compared with the susceptible colony. Synergism bioassays also were carried out. Based on this, S,S,S-tributyl phosphorotrithioate displayed a synergistic effect for naled, trichlorfon, and malathion resistance, whereas piperonyl butoxide displayed a synergistic effect for pyrethroid resistance. All 10 resistant lines also exhibited some cross-resistance to other insecticides, not only to the same chemical class of insecticides but also to other classes. However, none of the organophosphate-resistant or the methomyl-resistant lines exhibited cross-resistance to two of the pyrethroids (cypermethrin and fenvalerate). Overall, the laboratory resistance and cross-resistance data developed here should provide useful tools and information for designing an insecticide management strategy for controlling this fruit fly in the field.
116 citations
TL;DR: The laboratory resistance and cross-resistance data developed in this study provide new information that will be useful for managing the development of resistance when spinosad is used to control B. dorsalis in the field.
Abstract: In this study, we assessed the potential for the development of resistance to the insecticide spinosad in a laboratory colony of the oriental fruit fly, Bactrocera dorsalis (Hendel) (Diptera: Tephritidae). Resistance was selected by using topical applications of spinosad. After eight generations of selection, the LD50 of the selected line was 408 times greater compared with that of the untreated parental colony. This spinosad-resistant line did not exhibit cross-resistance to 10 other insecticides tested, including six organophosphates (naled, trichlorfon, fenitrothion, fenthion, formothion, and malathion) one carbamate (methomyl), and three pyrethroids (cyfluthrin, cypermethrin, and fenvalerate). However, using lines previously selected for resistance to these same insecticides, two of the 10 lines tested (naled- and malathion-resistant) did show some cross-resistance to spinosad. Also, oriental fruit flies from different field collections where naled and malathion have been used for control pur...
81 citations
TL;DR: Nine fungicides, 3 nematicides and 5 insecticides/acaricides were incorporated into the pot cultures of the VAM fungusGlomus fasciculatum in order to study their effect on the mycorrhizal association and the contaminant organisms.
Abstract: Nine fungicides, 3 nematicides and 5 insecticides/acaricides were incorporated into the pot cultures of the VAM fungusGlomus fasciculatum in order to study their effect on the mycorrhizal association and the contaminant organisms. All the pesticides were found to be deleterious to VAM at the recommended level. Captan and carbofuran, at half the recommended level (125 mg and 144.5 mg respectively/2.5 litre of the substrate mix), increased significantly the percentage root colonization, extra-matrical chlamydospore number and inoculum potential. Captan and carbofuran at this level also significantly suppressed the contaminant fungi and nematodes in the pot cultures ofG. fasciculatum. The insecticides/acaricides formothion and malathion at half the recommended level, had no deleterious effect onG. fasciculatum but suppressed mites and collumbola in pot cultures.
74 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, compatibility studies of Verticillium lecanii (Zimm) with pesticides in agar media showed that spore germination and mycelial growth were little affected by benomyl, cypermethrin, fenbutatinoxide, formothion, mevinphos, copper-oxychloride, oxamyl, permETHrin, pirimicarb, thiophanate-methyl and triadimefon at recommended and sub-lethal concentrations.
49 citations
TL;DR: The spider populations on apple were markedly suppressed by the pesticides, the order of toxicity being Talstar (biphenate) >Mavrik (fluvalinate) > Smash (fenpropathrin) > Dursban (chlorpyrifos).
Abstract: Field experiments in an apple orchard and in a citrus grove were carried out to evaluate the effect of four commercial pesticides in common use in Israel against apple and citrus pests, on the spider populations inhabiting the trees. The spider populations on apple were markedly suppressed by the pesticides, the order of toxicity being Talstar (biphenate) >Mavrik (fluvalinate) > Smash (fenpropathrin) > Dursban (chlorpyrifos). When grapefruit trees were treated with carbaryl + formothion, 232 spiders were sampled in the unsprayed plot, 55 days after treatment, as compared with only 11 spiders in the treated plot. Two and 7 days after treatment with chlorobenzilate, the sample from the treated plot numbered 68 and 55 spiders, respectively, as compared with 50 spiders collected 24 h before treatment. In addition, laboratory tests were carried out to determine the susceptibility of the spiderChiracanthium mildei L. Koch to 17 pesticides. When the spiders were exposed to grapefruit leaves which had been dipped 1 h previously for 5 sec in the aqueous emulsions of the pesticides, chlorpyrifos, fenpropathrin, fenvalerate, phosphamidon and biphenate caused 100%, and cypermethrin and fluvalinate 60% mortality, whereas all the other pesticides tested - acaricides, fungicides and herbicides - caused about 10-40% mortality.
30 citations
Related Topics (5)
Performance Metrics
| Year | Papers |
|---|---|
| 2009 | 1 |
| 2008 | 1 |
| 2007 | 1 |
| 2006 | 1 |
| 2004 | 2 |
| 2003 | 1 |