Formability

Abstract: 1. Stress and strain 2. Plasticity 3. Strain hardening 4. Plastic instability 5. Temperature and strain-rate dependence 6. Work balance 7. Slab analysis and friction 8. Friction and lubrication 9. Upper-bound analysis 10. Slip-line field analysis 11. Deformation zone geometry 12. Formability 13. Bending 14. Plastic anisotropy 15. Cupping, redrawing and ironing 16. Forming limit diagrams 17. Stamping 18. Hydroforming 19. Other sheet forming operations 20. Formability tests 21. Sheet metal properties.

Abstract: The high-temperature stability and mechanical properties of refractory molybdenum alloys are highly desirable for a wide range of critical applications. However, a long-standing problem for these alloys is that they suffer from low ductility and limited formability. Here we report a nanostructuring strategy that achieves Mo alloys with yield strength over 800 MPa and tensile elongation as large as ~ 40% at room temperature. The processing route involves a molecular-level liquid-liquid mixing/doping technique that leads to an optimal microstructure of submicrometre grains with nanometric oxide particles uniformly distributed in the grain interior. Our approach can be readily adapted to large-scale industrial production of ductile Mo alloys that can be extensively processed and shaped at low temperatures. The architecture engineered into such multicomponent alloys offers a general pathway for manufacturing dispersion-strengthened materials with both high strength and ductility.