Topic
Forced conversion
About: Forced conversion is a research topic. Over the lifetime, 34 publications have been published within this topic receiving 273 citations.
Papers
TL;DR: In this paper, a legal opinion on the case of a child living in the Naṣrid Kingdom of Granada, who came under the double threat of captivity and forced conversion to Christianity, was demanded by its father from jurists in Tlemcen.
Abstract: Around 894/1488-89, a legal opinion on the case of a child living in the Naṣrid Kingdom of Granada, who came under the double threat of captivity and forced conversion to Christianity, was demanded by its father from jurists in Tlemcen. The text of this case is presented here and analysed from two points of view: the historical context of Muslim captives in Christian Spain, and the legal theory applied in the North African answer to the question posed by the Andalusi father. In the historical part of the article, cases of Andalusi Muslim captives (from the 6th/12th century to the 9th/15th century) are examined. Special attention is given to the possible ways used to put an end to captivity: ransoms and those who paid for them, bequests and pious fundations, etc., as well as tales of escape from Christians. Finally, the Muslim religious view of captivity is considered. In the second part, the case posed to the North African jurists is reviewed in detail. The two responses given by Ibn Zakarīyāʾ (d. 899/1493) and al-Sanūsī (d. 895/1490) both agree that the child could be separated from its mother and removed to a safe country. The motives given by both jurists to justify their opinions differ, but they follow the Mālikite school of law and reflect the historical and social developments of their time.
46 citations
TL;DR: The Russian empire provided Islam a sheltered but precarious place within its borders as discussed by the authors, but distrust of Islam and fear of Muslim revolt, fed by an almost paranoid apprehension of pan-Islamic solidarity, were deeply embedded in tsarist policies and attitudes toward pious Muslims.
Abstract: The Russian empire provided Islam a sheltered but precarious place within its borders. Sporadic efforts at forced conversion to Orthodoxy ended in 1773 with Catherine II's edict of religious tolerance, which officially acknowledged the existence of the Muslim community and allowed the free practice of its essential religious rites. Among these, pilgrimage to Mecca (hajj) was one of the most sacred. But distrust of Islam and fear of Muslim revolt, fed by an almost paranoid apprehension of pan-Islamic solidarity, were deeply embedded in tsarist policies and attitudes toward pious Muslims.
33 citations
TL;DR: In this article, the authors draw attention to the rather puzzling problem laid before the student of early Ottoman history by the apparently complete incompatibility of the devshirme with the shari'a.
Abstract: MY purpose is to draw attention to the rather puzzling problem laid before the student of early Ottoman history by the apparently complete incompatibility of the devshirme with the shari'a. The periodical forced levy of children from the Sultan—s Christian subjects for the recruiting of his standing army, and the forced conversion of those children to Islam must, indeed, appear—as it always did—as a flagrant disregard of the Holy Law which accords to the Christian subjects the status of dhimmi, implying personal liberty and the right to keep, and exercise freely, their religion. Only recently, making himself the voice of Muslim conscience, Professor Massignon has branded the devshirme as ‘un manquement a la Dhimmat ar-rasul’2
28 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, the apocalyptic zeitgeist of the Islamic State through the lens of what they call the New Tribalism is examined, and it is found that IS emerged from the Al Qaeda (AQ) milieu, but soon split with AQ as the messianic excitement surrounding Al-Baghdadi and his teachings grew.
Abstract: This article focuses on the apocalyptic zeitgeist of the Islamic State through the lens of what we call the New Tribalism. It finds that IS emerged from the Al Qaeda (AQ) milieu, but soon split with AQ as the messianic excitement surrounding Al-Baghdadi and his teachings grew. In common with previous millennial/messianic movements in all three “Peoples of the Book”—Judaism, Christianity, and Islam—IS soon evolved beyond the laws of the normative faith (antinomianism). We hold that for this reason, despite its claims of faith and fealty, IS has left the Islamic Umah behind, becoming a malign sectarian group of its own whose dynamism and successes are attracting a global audience and support from Muslims in almost every country. This helps to explain such abhorrent practices as forced conversion, sexual servitude, the destruction of historic artifacts, and mass executions. We find that the American invasion of Iraq was the vital first step in a series of events, which gave birth to IS. A thorough review of ...
27 citations
TL;DR: The forced conversion of Jews and Christians stands out among the most puzzling policies implemented at the beginning of the Almohad revolutionary movement as discussed by the authors, and the reasons behind such decision are reviewed again 1 and then the focus is moved to its implications.
Abstract: The forced conversion of Jews and Christians stands out among the most puzzling policies implemented at the beginning of the Almohad revolutionary movement. In this article, the reasons behind such decision are reviewed again 1 and then the focus is moved to its implications. Two aspects are dealt with: the Almohads’ suspicions about the faith of the forced converts, giving rise to discriminatory policies against them; and Almohad conceptions of a universal religion that advance our understanding of that “dream of conversion” which was such a prominent feature in the Mediterranean during the sixth/twelfth–seventh/thirteenth centuries. 1My presentation at the Seminar “Inter‐faith Relations in Islam,” organized by Amira Bennison and Maria Angeles Gallego and held at the Department of Middle Eastern Studies, University of Cambridge, 15–16 December 2008, consisted of the first two sections of this paper. Both sections are indebted to a previous publication of mine, “Muslim Land without Jews or Christians,” a ...
23 citations
Related Topics (5)
Performance Metrics
| Year | Papers |
|---|---|
| 2020 | 1 |
| 2019 | 1 |
| 2018 | 1 |
| 2017 | 1 |
| 2016 | 4 |
| 2015 | 1 |