Abstract: Strings of four unrelated letters were presented for subjects to identify, followed by a patterned mask and then a forced choice test of each letter position. In Experiment 1 , the type style in the regular conditions was consistent—all of the letters were of a single type font—whereas in the mixed condition, each string contained letters from two type fonts. Compared with the mixed condition, accuracy in the regular conditions was higher overall and increased at a faster rate as a function of processing time. This held across four sessions. In Experiment 2, the font in the mixed condition was varied either between or within letter strings; sizeable advantages for the regular conditions were found with both mix-methods. The results are consistent with the idea of a schemalike perceptual system that becomes tuned to the regularities of a particular font in order to process visual information efficiently .

Abstract: A font converting device converts (dot density conversion) a down-line load font received through an interface device into a font represented by a dot matrix of the same size as that of a resident font stored in first memory and stores the converted down-line load font in a second memory. A control circuit selectively reads the fonts of the first memory (resident font) or the fonts of the second memory (converted down-line load font) in conformity to a font code included in print data, edits dot image data, and then provides the same to a printing unit to be controlled, namely, a printer in a narrow sense. Only the rarely used down-line load font is subjected to dot density conversion so that the print dot density of the converted down-line load font coincides with that of the print dot density of the printer to be controlled, while a frequently used font of a print dot density coinciding with that of the printer is stored as resident font. Thus, a plurality of printers differing from each other in print dot density can be connected to the host unit of a system in the same interface conditions without entailing the variation of character pattern and the size of print area.

Abstract: Fonts of characters of an alphabetic and numerical set thereof are described wherein each character of a set is formed from a dot-like pixel matrix and exhibits a predetermined constant and equal number of pixels. Any illegal alteration of the characters of the font set is avoided by forming the dot-like pixels defining a character in permanent fashion as by indentation in the surface of the article to be marked such that pixels cannot be erased, but only added. The pixels within the top and bottom three rows of each character of the font sets form a pattern unique to that character so that the identity of the character may be recovered if a portion of it is lost. A security encryption technique becomes available through the use of characters from two font formats.

Abstract: An image forming apparatus forms an image of an input image information by use of a font, and comprises a memory part for storing data on bit map fonts and outline fonts, a setting part for setting a minimum size of an outline font which may be used, a first selecting part for selecting a desired kind of font, a second selecting part for selecting a size of the desired kind of font selected by the first selecting part, and an image forming part for forming the image of the input image information by use of the desired kind and size of font selected by the first and second selecting parts based on corresponding data read out from the memory part.

Abstract: Type has evolved from blocks of wood or metal bearing the raised character shape to the many and varied digitized representations of the character that are available through computer system technology. Typography is the art or technique of composing printed material from type. The evolution of digital type into the computers of today has opened the door of typography to people who have had little or no previous knowledge of the subject. It has also introduced a higher level of complexity to document composition and presentation service software than was previously required. Discussed in this paper are the art of composing printed material, the selection of an appropriate type design for a given application, the information required to create and manage a digital font resource, and the computer system's use of digital font resources to produce typographic-quality documents. These matters are examined in a way that introduces the reader to typographic fonts, the additional complexities involved, and the need for consistency in the definition and application of digital font resources.

Abstract: PURPOSE:To enable printing of efficient character quality to be obtained, by a method wherein a minimum size by which an outline font can be used is set, a class and a size of the font to be requested are selected, and two fonts of the outline font and a bit map font are used to make up for defects of both fonts. CONSTITUTION:For an indication of 9 point maximum from a host computer, when a same font as a bit map font is loaded in ROM 24, the bit map font is expanded on RAM 25. For that of not 9 point maximum, data are converted to a format of the bit map font and is stored in RAM to be outputted. A minimum size by which an outline font can be used is set as a parameter according to an attribute of the font. A class and a size of the font to be requested are set according to initial setting of a system. For characters which are enlarged to 9 point minimum, the outline font is selected, and when small characters are printed, the bit map font is selected. Therefore, both the large character and the small character can be keep excellent character quality.

Abstract: PURPOSE: To improve conversion efficiency by storing any appropriate bit map data in a non-volatile subcash memory together with character control information and writing the bit map data and character control information into a font cash memory at the time of turning a power supply ON. CONSTITUTION: In a font cash control system, a subcash memory 18 is provided using a non-volatile memory and any appropriate bit map data is stored in the subcash memory 18 together with character control information. Then when a power supply is turned ON, the bit map data and character control information of the subcash memory 18 are written into a font cash memory 16. When the bit map data is written, the use frequency of characters is detected by a character information control part 24, and the bit map data of frequently used characters is written into the subcash memory 18 from the font cash memory 16 using a system idle time. Thus the number of characters which requires conversion from an out line font to the bit map data is significantly reduced to improve the conversion efficiency widely. COPYRIGHT: (C)1989,JPO&Japio

Abstract: PURPOSE:To display hand-written characters different in size by a character in fixed shape by automatically recognizing a freely inputted hand-written character and its character size stepwise without inputting the specification of a specific size. CONSTITUTION:When a hand-written character string is inputted from an input means 1, coordinate string data corresponding to said character string is produced. Based on the coordinate string data, a font size information generation means identifies the character font size of the hand-written character and a character font, and generates at least information about more than three types of character sizes. The generated character size information is held in a storage means 3, and based on the character size information stored in the storage means, fixed-form fonts of the hand-written characters that the font size information generation means identifies are displayed in different sizes on a character display means 4. Thus a hand-written character can be efficiently inputted without specifying a character size. That specification is troublesome.

Abstract: PURPOSE:To input document data in a wide range to a document processor within a short period by using plural dictionaries for different fonts to discriminate the fonts of characters included in image data and discriminating characters from the image data by means of the dictionary for the discriminated font to decide a character code. CONSTITUTION:The titled device is provided with plural dictionaries D1-Dn for different fonts to recognize characters from image data, a font discriminating means B for discriminating the font of characters included in image data inputted from a scanner A for scanning an orignal by means of plural dictionaries and a character code deciding means C for recognizing the character from the image data by using the dictionary for the font discriminated by the means B and deciding the character code. Consequently, the font name of an original can be automatically decided on the device side without specifying it and a character recognizing dictionary is selected to read out the character.

Abstract: PURPOSE:To make it possible to develop to high speed image data even in systems different in frequency of use of KANJI (Chinese characters) by preparing and managing an entry table that indicates correspondence between condensed codes for control and memory position of KANJI font patterns held on a main storage device. CONSTITUTION:A program recorded in a memory section 10 determines effective number of characters residing in a memory based on the frequency of use of KANJI and holds the KANJI font patterns of effective number of KANJI characters on a main storage unit 2. At this time, the code data of KANJI held on the main storage device 2 is bit analyzed and condensed code for controlling is calculated, and an entry table that indicates correspondence between the condensed code for controlling and memory position of KANJI font patterns held on the main storage unit. A control section 11 accesses memory position of KANJI font patterns of effective number of characters held on the main storage unit basing on the entry table. Thereby, access to the character font patterns can be speeded up andservice to customers can be improved even in a time zone in which requests for issuing a resident card etc.are concentrated.

Abstract: Disclosed is a font pattern processor (GDP) including font pattern storing means (FPT1) for defining a font pattern and font pattern access parameter storing means (FDR) for storing parameters for making access to this font pattern storing means (FPT1). Address calculation is made on the basis of the font pattern access parameter and a pattern code supplied from outside to indicate a font pattern. The font pattern processor (GDP) can include pattern drawing attribute indicating means (FAR) for indicating the attributes of pattern drawing by the font pattern data thus read out. Thus, the present invention can process predetermined font data at a high speed inside it on the basis of the pattern code and can easily accomplish diversification of font patterns. Furthermore, the invention can improve freedom of pattern drawing on the basis of a predetermined original font pattern.

Abstract: PURPOSE:To increase the processing speed of character recognition and to improve a recognition rate, by finding the mean value of size differences added at every font from the size difference between a reference character pattern and an input character pattern for each font consisting of a font class, and deciding the character font which supplies a minimum mean value as the font of a read character. CONSTITUTION:When no character font is decided from a histogram data at every font unit obtained in prescribed number of character recognition to which all of the dictionary fonts are used, the histogram of the font class consisting of plural similar fonts is generated, and the font class in which the read character is included is decided. Furthermore, the mean value of the size difference for a decided font class is calculated from the size difference added at every font between the reference character pattern and the input character pattern obtained at time of the character recognition, and the character font which supplies the minimum mean value is decided as the character font of the read character. In such way, it is possible to decide an accurate character font even when a large number of similar fonts are included, and to improve the processing speed and the recognition rate.

Abstract: According to the long-term human custom of using Chinese character and the widespread literate law, and combining with the structure feature of Chinese character, this method encodes the Chinese character in accordance with its macroscopic font components, and has the advantages of fast input speed, encoding regularly and simply, high logicalness, and easiness for learning and rememberring. Therefore, it is easy to use and spread. This method is suitable for both simplified character and its complex farm. It has been applied to microcomputers.

Abstract: There is provided a font cartridge (11) which can be attached to and detached from a printer and has an ROM to store the character font pattern corresponding to the type style to be output in accordance with a print request from the printer. The ROM stores the print correction information corresponding to the character font pattern according to a predetermined type style which is read out of the ROM in response to the print request from the printer. The ROM also stores the storage management address information of the print correction information corresponding to the character font pattern. With this font cartridge, the high quality print character subjected to the print correction peculiar to each type style can be output every type style.

Abstract: The Richborough Font some additional structural detail. Mr P.R. Wilson writes: The Richborough font (PL. xix) was discovered in 1923. Bushe-Fox suggested that it might 'have been a tank or fountain which served solely as a pleasing feature in a garden of one of the houses', although he did suggest that 'it was not built until after the fort, within which there were presumably no houses with gardens'. In his 'Summary of the Richborough Site' Professor Cunliffe accepted Bushe-Fox's interpretation as 'plausible', and the first suggestion in print that the Richborough 'tank' was in fact a font was made by P.D.C. Brown in an article which discussed the font and its parallels in detail. Bushe-Fox described the font as sitting on a foundation 'of loose stones and cobbles 2 ft. 6 in. deep, upon which there was a layer of tiles set in mortar, forming a level bed for the structure above'. In September 1985 during routine pointing and underpinning five c. o-io m-diameter post-voids were revealed beneath the western side of the foundations, one at the north-western corner and four at the south-western corner (FIG. 6). These were photographed by Mr T. Bowyer, the HBMC mason carrying out the work (PLS. XXA. XXB). Examination of the colour photograph that forms the original of PL. XXA suggests that there may have been a sixth post-hole to the left of that seen in the photograph. What is clear from the photographs is that the post-voids and the position of the possible sixth post align closely with voids in the outer edge of the cobble foundation, suggesting that the posts formed an integral part of the original structure, presumably as part of an attempt to stabilise its foundation. As no similar voids were revealed on the eastern side of the structure it appears possible that they relate to specific problems encountered on the western side of the font. That side of the structure lay above the eastern side of the inner ditch of the 'Claudian Camp', a feature that was open for a very short period. Bushe-Fox suggested that the Claudian defences were levelled by AD. 60, while Cunliffe suggests a period of months rather than years for the initial 'beach-head'.* In any event, it would be surprising if the Claudian ditches were obvious features some 350 years later when the font was built. However, the Claudian ditches were apparently backfilled with soft material, Bushe-Fox's published sections only mention 'sand' and 'sand and soil' above the primary silts in the inner ditch, and he suggested that the ditches were largely refilled with the material that had been removed from them. Given this, it would have been possible for the Claudian ditches to have presented a problem later in the history of the site through the gradual compaction of their fills; Bushe-Fox's Section 22 provides some support for this as it appears to illustrate slumping to the extent of some 0-40-0-50 m (15-20 inches). If this is correct, it is possible that the posts recorded as voids during the consolidation of the font represented an attempt to stabilise the vunerable corners of the structure in the face of a known problem. If this was the case it would suggest that the location of the font at that point was regarded as imperative; if it had been moved some little distance the problem would not have arisen. This may be seen to provide support for Brown's suggestion that the font 'must have' been surrounded by a baptistry, on the grounds that if the font were within a structure its location would have been subject to more constraints than if it were outside, both through its relationship to the structure and through the requirements of ritual.

Abstract: PURPOSE:To reduce a transferring time and prevent total throughput from being lowered, by providing a transferring means for transferring font data displayed by a first displaying means to a storage part, and a deleting means for deleting the font data displayed by a second displaying means which displays the font data stored in the storage part. CONSTITUTION:Font ROM cartridges 1-3 are arbitrarily connected to a connector 4, and a detecting circuit 9 detects whether the cartridge is present. Based on data indicating the types of fonts contained in the cartridges 1-3, a displaying part 7 displays the name of a font to be an object of an operation at an operating part 8. At the operating part 8, selection, transferring and deletion of the font are performed through using four keys. A plurality of cartridges are sequentially mounted, and required font data are stored into a storage part from each of the cartridges, whereby it is possible to print by using the font data associated with the cartridge which is not actually mounted. In addition, since it is unnecessary to receive the font data from an external device, transferring time can be reduced, and total throughput can be prevented from being lowered.

Abstract: PURPOSE:To increase the kinds of characters without increasing the capacity of a memory, to reduce cost and to allow a user to freely express a sentence, by contracting a font and overlapping the same with a space CONSTITUTION:When the printing order of a round character arrives, in a step 1, the font concerned is developed on a font buffer at first from the contracted font data stored in ROM on the basis of the character code concerned In a step 2, the font constituted of 32X32 is contracted to a font constituted of 24X24 to be developed on a contraction font buffer SFNTBF Next, in a step 3, font data is transmitted so that the content of SFNTBF reaches the center of FNTBF In step 4, a round mark is overlapped with the font buffer FNTBF Next, in a step 5, the content of FNTBF prepared as mentioned above is transmitted to a printing buffer to perform printing in the same way as usual character printing

Abstract: PURPOSE:To select a desired character font by uniquely determining the font concerned, by selecting the character font by successively investigating the content of the cartridge ROM mounted to a slot at the printing point of time and preliminarily applying preferential order between character fonts and utilizing the preferential order to select and display the character font CONSTITUTION:A font mount state is investigated, and a font head address table 142-c and a font discriminating table 142-b are reset The font discriminating number (n) corresponding to an inputted front name is searched on the discriminating table 142-b When the number of character fonts concerned are 2 or more, the font discriminating number taking the first place in preferential order is selected as a candidate After the selected candidate font is displayed, when a user immediately pushes the continuation key on a panel, said candidate font is determined as the final selection font When the user mounts and detaches a cartridge ROM before pushing the continuation key, the font mount state at this point of time is investigated and, thereafter, font selection due to a font name is again carried out

Abstract: PURPOSE:To accomplish high-speed processing in the reproduction of a dot font by reading a dot font out of an auxiliary buffer so as to develop the same to an output buffer without reproducing the dot font pattern from a vector font in the event that a required output character code is a character code for high-frequency characters. CONSTITUTION:Pre-set frequently used high-frequency characters consisting of standard-sized HIRAGANA, KATAKANA numerics and abbreviations are reproduced in a dot font by means of a vector font reproducing device 12 so as to be stored in an auxiliary buffer 13B before printing, and when a character code generated when character output is required is one pre-set for high-frequency characters, a dot font pattern corresponding to the character code is obtained from the auxiliary buffer 13B so as to develop the same in a pagination buffer 13A, whereby the number of times of operations for reproducing characters from the vector font data to the dot font pattern, which requires long processing time, is remarkably reduced, thereby accomplishing high-speed creation of images to be printed.

Abstract: : Students of Egyptian history face economic and technological constraints in the reproduction of hieroglyphs. Ideally, they need a system which provides a collection of professional quality symbols and a means to arrange and integrate them in print. The Apple Macintosh and a laser printer font might offer a reasonable and inexpensive solution. The goal of this project is to develop that font and, in so doing, provide a model for solving similar problems in the reproduction of unusual, non-Latin characters.

Abstract: PURPOSE:To eliminate the need for providing italic font data in an internal memory and to enable a memory capacity to be saved correspondingly, by a method wherein information of inclination as italic letters is imparted for every upright font letter. CONSTITUTION:When upright letters are inclined to be italic, optimum inclination information are imparted to respective letters to be inclined differently from each other. Each one bit of the inclination information corresponds to a lengthwise font data group. In a positive logic, the inclination information is so made that, at 1 bit, upper bit groups from the 1 bit shift rightwards by the amount of 1 bit to the lower bit groups. For example, if font data 2 is longitudinally divided into blocks by 3 dots, 3 dots, and 2 dots from the lower position and the inclination is imparted so that the blocks shift rightwards respectively to the lower blocks by the amount of 1 dot, the inclination information is represented by 01001000(1). In this manner, italic font data can be formed from upright font data, which eliminates the need for providing the italic font data in an internal memory.