About: Flying squirrel is a research topic. Over the lifetime, 360 publications have been published within this topic receiving 5689 citations. The topic is also known as: flying squirrel.
TL;DR: A mixed facial and spinal motor innervation of propatagial musculature in the flying squirrel is demonstrated and it is indicated that this pattern of mixed innervation is more widespread among flying and gliding mammals than previously reported.
Abstract: The propatagium of gliding and flying mammals is of both functional and phylogenetic interest. The innervation of the propatagial muscle, platysma II, was studied with the axonal tracer wheat germ agglutinin-conjugated horseradish peroxidase (WGA-HRP) in a flying squirrel, Glaucomys volans. Injections of WGA-HRP into the proximal third of platysma II labeled motoneurons in the lateral part of the medial subdivision of the ipsilateral facial nucleus and in the ipsilateral ventral horn of the brachial enlargement. Injections into distal regions of platysma II labeled motoneurons in the ipsilateral ventral horn of spinal segments C5-C8 but not in the facial nucleus. Injections along the whole length of the muscle labeled afferent axons in the ipsilateral dorsal horn of spinal segments C4-T1. These results demonstrate a mixed facial and spinal motor innervation of propatagial musculature in the flying squirrel and indicate that this pattern of mixed innervation is more widespread among flying and gliding mammals than previously reported. Mixed facial and cervical propatagial innervation, independently derived in different flying and gliding mammals, may represent a common solution in the design of the propatagium. These findings complicate the use of propatagial muscle innervation patterns for the establishment of phylogenetic relationships among flying and gliding mammals.
TL;DR: In logistic regression, canopy height and tree density were the best predictors of the occurrence of the lion-tailed macaque and the Nilgiri langur, respectively, and it is possible to retain the arboreal mammals in the rain forest fragments through improving habitat quality.
TL;DR: The southern flying squirrel forms large aggregations inside nest-lined tree cavities to reduce exposure to winter temperatures and the relationship between this species' cold tolerance and its current distribution is investigated.
Abstract: The southern flying squirrel (Glaucomys volans) forms large aggregations inside nest-lined tree cavities to reduce exposure to winter temperatures We measured oxygen consumption of individuals and grouped flying squirrels in Plexiglas and nest-box chambers in New Hampshire to determine savings provided by huddling and nest construction Because G volans breeds during late winter, we also measured energy expenditure of females during gestation and lactation These data were used to construct daily energy budgets for flying squirrels during winter and to investigate the relationship between this species' cold tolerance and its current distribution Flying squirrels had lower basal metabolism (095 cm3 O2∙g−1∙h−1) and rate of heat loss (011 cm3 O2∙g−1∙h−1∙ °C−1) than predicted according to mass Peak reproductive costs (1 week postparturition) were 170% of nonbreeding requirements At 9 °C, huddling in groups of three and six reduced energy expenditure by 27 and 36%, respectively Compared with individual
TL;DR: In this paper, the characteristics and performance of three different types of spatial objectives in multi-objective forest planning were examined with a case study problem that aimed at improvements in the spatial pattern of the habitats of flying squirrel (Pteromys volans) and moose (Alces alces).