TL;DR: In this paper, a power line conditioner is proposed to protect sensitive electronics in modern electronic equipment from disruption or destruction caused by transients which can cause both induction and injection currents into the grounding system of the electronic equipment.
Abstract: A power conditioning device protects sensitive electronics in modern electronic equipment from disruption or destruction caused by transients which can cause both induction and injection currents into the grounding system of the electronic equipment. This device nominally comprises an isolation transformer and a ground impedance between the earth ground connection from a distribution panel and the safety ground connection to the powered equipment. In addition, this device may also comprise a voltage clamping device such as an MOV and a capacitive filter to provide a complete power line conditioner. This device may be used in systems with guarded or driven grounds, or in a system with a high voltage reference to safety ground. In addition, ground conditioning can be added to a Ground Fault Circuit Interrupter (GFCI) to attenuate ground surge currents. The ground impedance may take many forms, including inductors, resistors, diodes, gas tubes, transformers, capacitors, or combinations of these or other components. The ground conditioning device may be used on power systems of different voltages and frequencies, including three phase power systems.
TL;DR: An improved multilayer flexible circuit for use in a disk storage device actuator arm supporting a data head and a servo head includes a first ground plane and a second electrically floating ground plane as discussed by the authors.
Abstract: An improved multilayer flexible circuit for use in a disk storage device actuator arm supporting a data head and a servo head includes a first ground plane and a second electrically floating ground plane.
TL;DR: A flexible antenna with a simple structure, small size, and light weight for medical wearable applications is proposed, which can cover the whole ISM 5.8GHz band and perform good wearable radiation characteristics.
Abstract: In this paper, a flexible antenna with a simple structure, small size (15mm×17mm×1mm), and light weight for medical wearable applications is proposed. The antenna consists of slot radiation elements fed by a coplanar waveguide structure and a floating ground. Flexible conductive cloth MKKTN260 is used to fabricate the antenna, while felt with good insulation is used as the substrate. The measured impedance matching bandwidth (|S
11
|less than -10dB) of the antenna is from 5.578 to 5.898GHz, which can cover the whole ISM 5.8GHz band (5.725-5.825GHz) and perform good wearable radiation characteristics. The floating ground structure and the interaction between slots make the antenna radiated efficiently (the measured peak realized gain is 4.85dBi at 5.8GHz) to the +Z direction, which is away from the human body. Meanwhile, without any specially designed reflecting structures, the specific absorption rate value is below the criterion set by the FCC and ICNIPR. The bending configurations are also studied for this antenna.
TL;DR: In this paper, the level shifted signal 92 and feedback signal 79 are designed to cancel each other whereby the input to operational amplifier 86 is maintained constant as the non-inverting input has a constant internally supplied voltage.
Abstract: Ballast circuit 10 for lamp 52 has a switching network consisting of a complimentary pair of switches 30, 32 which are driven by a low-power universally available controller IC 26 . The controller IC 26 is configured with a floating ground arrangement 36 . A current sensor 72 assists in generating a negative feedback signal 79 which is provided to an inverting input of operational amplifier 86 of controller IC 26 . Prior to being supplied, the negative feedback signal 79 is summed at summing node 80 with a level shifted signal 92 , generated by a level shifting circuit 22 which received an input dimming signal 16 . The level shifting circuit 22 shifts the dimming signal 16 from a ground reference system to a floating ground design. The level shifted signal 92 and feedback signal 79 are designed to cancel each other whereby the input to operational amplifier 86 is maintained constant as the non-inverting input has a constant internally supplied voltage.
TL;DR: In this paper, a quick tutorial about the ports used in EM analysis and how they are calibrated is given. And a new development -perfect internal port calibration is discussed, which will have a significant impact on microwave design.
Abstract: In this article, the author starts with a quick tutorial about the ports used in EM analysis and how they are calibrated. Then, the paper discussed a new development -perfect internal port calibration. Finally, it concludes with a few examples illustrating the impact that perfect internal port calibration will have on microwave design.The author have also introduced a lot of new concepts in this article: perfectly calibrated box wall ports, perfectly calibrated (cocalibrated) internal ports, floating ground references, global ground references, several new component-based design methodologies, and baseline versus test structure validation.