Topic
Fireplace
About: Fireplace is a research topic. Over the lifetime, 1101 publications have been published within this topic receiving 9586 citations.
Papers published on a yearly basis
1 / 3
Papers
TL;DR: The contribution of wood smoke to the ambient concentrations of benzene, ethene, and acetylene could lead to an overestimate of the contribution of motor vehicle tailpipe exhaust to atmospheric VOC concentrations.
Abstract: Organic compound emission rates for volatile organic compounds (VOC), gas-phase semivolatile organic compounds, and particle-phase organic compounds are measured from residential fireplace combustion of wood. Firewood from a conifer tree (pine) and from two deciduous trees (oak and eucalyptus) is burned to determine organic compound emissions profiles for each wood type including the distribution of the alkanes, alkenes, aromatics, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAH), phenol and substituted phenols, guaiacol and substituted guaiacols, syringol and substituted syringols, carbonyls, alkanoic acids, resin acids, and levoglucosan. Levoglucosan is the major constituent in the fine particulate emissions from all three wood types, contributing 18−30% of the fine particulate organic compound emissions. Guaiacol (2-methoxyphenol), and guaiacols with additional substituents at position 4 on the molecule, and resin acids are emitted in significant quantities from pine wood combustion. Syringol (2,6-dimethoxyphenol) and syringols with additional substituents at position 4 on the molecule are emitted in large amounts from oak and eucalyptus firewood combustion, but these compounds are not detected in the emissions from pine wood combustion. Syringol and most of the substituted syringols are found to be semivolatile compounds that are present in both the gas and particle phases, but two substituted syringols that have not been previously quantified in wood smoke emissions, propionylsyringol and butyrylsyringol, are found exclusively in the particle phase and can be used to help trace hardwood smoke particles in the atmosphere. Benzene, ethene, and acetylene are often used as tracers for motor vehicle exhaust in the urban atmosphere. The contribution of wood smoke to the ambient concentrations of benzene, ethene, and acetylene could lead to an overestimate of the contribution of motor vehicle tailpipe exhaust to atmospheric VOC concentrations.
1,338 citations
TL;DR: In this article, a series of fireplace source tests was conducted on six fuel wood species found in the Southern United States to determine fine particulate emission factors for total mass, ionic and elemental species, elemental and organic carbon, and over 250 individual organic compounds.
Abstract: The fireplace combustion of wood is a significant and largely unregulated source of fine particle pollution in the United States. Source apportionment techniques that use particulate organic compounds as tracers have been successful in determining the contribution of wood smoke to ambient fine particle levels in specific areas in California. To apply these techniques to the rest of the United States, the differences in emissions profiles between different wood smoke sources and fuel types should be resolved. To this end, a series of fireplace source tests was conducted on six fuel wood species found in the Southern United States to determine fine particulate emission factors for total mass, ionic and elemental species, elemental and organic carbon, and over 250 individual organic compounds. The wood species tested, chosen for their high abundance and availability in the Southern U.S. region, were yellow poplar, white ash, sweetgum, mockernut hickory, loblolly pine, and slash pine. The differences in the emissions of compounds such as substituted phenols and resin acids help to distinguish between the smoke from hardwood and softwood combustion. Levoglucosan, a cellulose pyrolysis product which may serve as a tracer for wood smoke in general, was quantified in the emissions from all the wood species burned. The furofuran lignan, yangambin, which was emitted in significant quantities from yellow poplar combustion and not detected in any of the other North American wood smokes, is a potential species-specific molecular tracer which may be useful in qualitatively identifying particulate emissions from a specific geographical area where yellow poplar is being burned.
718 citations
TL;DR: In this article, a comprehensive organic compound source profile for smoke from burning pine, oak, and synthetic logs in residential fireplaces is presented, and it is shown that the time series of resin acids concentrations in the Los Angeles atmosphere follows the extreme seasonal variation in wood use reported in previous emissions inventories.
Abstract: Combustion of wood in residential fireplaces contributes approximately 14% on an annual average of the total primary fine particle organic carbon (OC) emissions to the Los Angeles urban atmosphere and up to 30% of the fine particulate OC emissions on winter days. This paper presents comprehensive organic compound source profiles for smoke from burning pine, oak, and synthetic logs in residential fireplaces. Mass emission rates are determined for approximately 200 organic compounds including suites of the n-alkanes, n-alkenes, cyclohexylalkanes, n-alkanals, n-alkanoic acids, alkenoic acids, dicarboxylic acids, resin acids, hydroxylated/methyoxylated phenols, lignans, substituted benzenes/benzaldehydes, phytosterols, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), and oxy-PAHs. Wood smoke constituents reflect to a great extent the underlying composition of the wood burned: pine and oak logs produce smoke that is enriched in lignin decomposition products, pine smoke is enriched in resin acids and their thermal alteration products, while smoke from the synthetic log burned here bears the major signature of the petroleum products combined with traces of the sawdust components from which it is made. Resin acids are discussed as potential wood smoke tracers in the environment, and it is shown that the time series of resin acids concentrations in the Los Angeles atmosphere follows the extreme seasonal variation in wood use reported in previous emissions inventories for the Los Angeles urban area.
583 citations
TL;DR: In this article, a series of source tests were conducted on the burning of the most prevalent U.S. tree species in wood stoves to characterize the fine particle emissions from wood stove and compare the emissions profiles to those determined from previous fireplace experiments.
Abstract: Residential wood combustion is an important contributor to ambient fine particle levels in the United States. About one-half to two-thirds of the residential wood combustion in the United States occurs in wood stoves as opposed to fireplaces. Thus, any differences between these two sources must be accounted for in chemical mass balance receptor models which attempt to determine the contribution of wood smoke sources to ambient fine particle samples. To fully characterize the fine particle emissions from wood stoves and compare the emissions profiles to those determined from previous fireplace experiments, a series of source tests were conducted on the burning of the most prevalent U.S. tree species in wood stoves. The catalyst-equipped wood stove chosen for these tests was operated under both noncatalytic and catalytic conditions to assess the effects of the catalyst on fine particle emissions. Analysis of the wood smoke includes fine particle mass emission factors, organic and elemental carbon content, i...
353 citations
Journal Article•
159 citations
Related Topics (5)
Performance Metrics
| Year | Papers |
|---|---|
| 2021 | 11 |
| 2020 | 18 |
| 2019 | 18 |
| 2018 | 15 |
| 2017 | 33 |
| 2016 | 18 |