Topic
Final accounts
About: Final accounts is a research topic. Over the lifetime, 63 publications have been published within this topic receiving 404 citations.
Papers published on a yearly basis
Papers
TL;DR: In this paper, the causal relationship between municipal mergers and fiscal outcomes is investigated, measured on the balance between revenues and expenses, liquid assets and debts, and it is shown that mergers improve the fiscal outcomes of the municipalities in a five-year perspective, although the pre-reform effects tend to be negative.
Abstract: Improved fiscal management is a frequent justification for promoting boundary consolidations. However, whether or not this is actually the case is rarely placed under rigorous empirical scrutiny. Hence, this article investigates if fiscal outcomes are improved when municipalities are merged. The basic argument is that the conceptualisation of fiscal management in political science is often too narrow as it focuses on the budget and pays hardly any attention to balances in the final accounts and debts – elements of management which are central to policy making. On this background, the causal relationship between municipal mergers and fiscal outcomes is analysed. Measured on the balance between revenues and expenses, liquid assets and debts, municipal mergers improve the fiscal outcomes of the municipalities in a five-year perspective, although the pre-reform effects tend to be negative. For liquidity and debt, however, the improvement only entails re-establishing the levels prior to the reform. The testing ground is the recent mergers of Danish municipalities, which, it is argued, constitute a quasi-experiment. This forms the basis of a Difference-in-Difference design, allowing the alleviation of endogeneity problems and enabling causal inference. The analysis is based on administrative data from the Danish municipalities in the period 2003–11.
80 citations
Book•
5 Feb 1990
TL;DR: Starting a business (case study - John Clarke) recording transactions in a balance sheet organizing the balance sheet measuring profit John Clarke - the first year of trading as discussed by the authors - a case study part 2) ledger accounts and double entry bookkeeping purchases, sales and returns of stock accounting for revenue expenditure and revenue receipts.
Abstract: Starting a business (case study - John Clarke) recording transactions in a balance sheet organizing the balance sheet measuring profit John Clarke - the first year of trading (case study part 2) ledger accounts and double entry bookkeeping purchases, sales and returns of stock accounting for revenue expenditure and revenue receipts the trial balance the trading and profit and loss account (part 1) the trading and profit and loss account (part 2) final accounts and the balance sheet Ann Jolly goes to Australia and leaves some problems to solve (case study) prepayments and accruals estimating and recording depreciation provision for bad debts final accounts of a sole trader with adjustments errors and the suspense account the case book and other divisions of the ledger bank reconciliation statements data collection and subsidiary books the journal value added tax the complete bookkeeping system and computerization sales ledger and purchase ledger control partnership accounts limited company accounts incomplete records single entry records case study of incomplete records club accounts manufacturing accounts valuing stock and valuing a business management accounting (part 1) management accounting (part 2) case study on management accounting solutions to some exercises.
80 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors analyse the differences between the approved budget, pre-tender estimates, contract sum and final accounts for approximately HK$115 billion (≈US$14 billion) worth of transportation projects.
Abstract: Delivering transportation projects to their budgeted cost remains a challenge for many governments worldwide. An issue that has hindered progress being made to address this problem has been the availability of empirical data that reflects the changing nature of cost estimates and their difference from a project’s final account. Using a homogenous dataset provided by a public sector authority in Hong Kong, we analyse the differences between the approved budget, pre-tender estimates, contract sum and final accounts for approximately HK$115 billion (≈US$14 billion) worth of transportation projects. We demonstrate that 47% (i.e. ≈ 5 out 10) of the projects deviate from their approved budget. In particular, when we consider the difference between the approved budget and the final contract sum, we reveal there are cases of both over and under estimating. We, therefore, question the Planning Fallacy as an appropriate explanation for describing ‘how large infrastructure projects work’. The fallacy of the Planning Fallacy account revealed in this paper leads us to call upon those agencies that have actively embraced this theory to reconsider their approaches to cost estimating and risk analysis used to deliver their transportation infrastructure to ensure taxpayers are provided with better value for money.
67 citations
Posted Content•
TL;DR: In this paper, the linkages among interest rates and the leverage ratios (debt-to-equity ratio and debt-to capital ratio) of selected firms, their investment, turnover and profits were analyzed empirically.
Abstract: This paper analysed empirically the linkages among interest rates and the leverage ratios (debt-to equity ratio and debt-to-capital ratio) of selected firms, their investment, turnover and profits. The study used a survey of business as well as the quoted companies' final accounts and balance sheets, both before and after liberalization.
39 citations
Posted Content•
TL;DR: In this article, the authors report the results of a qualitative study examining the potential for the provision of a management accounting service for smaller companies by accountants in professional practice and conclude that there appears significant potential for accountants to expand the management accounting services they provide to smaller companies, especially where information is presented as ratios or graphs and accompanied with an appropriate narrative interpretation.
Abstract: This paper reports the results of a qualitative study examining the potential for the provision of a management accounting service for smaller companies by accountants in professional practice. The study aimed to determined the management information needs of owner-managers, the type and frequency of information preferred and the capacity of professional accountants to contribute to these needs. The owner-managers of 15 smaller companies were asked to participate in semi-structured interviews during which their use of computers to provide management accounts, their relationship with their accountant and their financial skills were discussed. The respondents were presented with a range of management information including statutory final accounts, interim accounts, cash statements, ratios and graphical comparisons of monthly turnover figures in order to assess their financial information skills and needs. The study found that companies used computers for the preparation of management accounting information, but usually not to their full potential. The financial awareness of owner-managers varied considerably. There was a favourable response to the presentation of ratios and graphs, however, it was felt that an explanation or interpretation of financial information by their accountant would be a useful addition to improve their understanding and therefore aid their business. The study concludes that there appears to be significant potential for accountants to expand the management accounting services they provide to smaller companies, especially where information is presented as ratios or graphs and accompanied with an appropriate narrative interpretation. This would also increase the financial skills of their clients and result in an increased demand for management accounting services. Key Words: Management accounting services; Smaller companies
26 citations
Related Topics (5)
Performance Metrics
| Year | Papers |
|---|---|
| 2021 | 1 |
| 2020 | 3 |
| 2019 | 4 |
| 2017 | 4 |
| 2016 | 5 |
| 2015 | 3 |