TL;DR: Top incomes over the twentieth century: A comprehensive historical overview of top income distribution across OECD countries.
Abstract: Abstract Based on a pioneering research programme on the evolution of top incomes, this volume brings together studies from 10 OECD countries. This rapidly growing field of economic research investigates the top segment of the income distribution by using data from income tax records over the past century. As well as describing the source data and methods employed, the authors also discuss the dramatic changes that have occurred at the top of the income scale throughout the 20th century. This fascinating study is the first of its kind to provide a comprehensive historic overview of top income distribution over the last century. It looks at why top incomes shares fell markedly in the first half of the 20th century and why, more recently, there has been a striking difference in the top income distribution between continental Europe and English-speaking OECD countries, like the UK, USA, and Australia. Written by the top names in the field, this seminal work provides rich pickings for those with an interest in inequality, development, the economic impact of war, taxation, economic history, and executive compensation.
TL;DR: In this article , the authors document and evaluate how businesses are reacting to the COVID-19 crisis through August 2020 and find that a greater share of firms report significant or severe disruptions to sales activity than to supply chains.
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors document and evaluate how businesses are reacting to the COVID-19 crisis through August 2020 and find that a greater share of firms report significant or severe disruptions to sales activity than to supply chains.
TL;DR: Williamson, Jeffrey G. as mentioned in this paper, trade and poverty: When the third world fell behind, Cambridge, MA, MIT Press, 2011, xii+301 pp., U$35 (hardcover), ISBN 978-0-262-01515-8.
Abstract: Jeffrey G. Williamson, Trade and poverty: When the third world fell behind, Cambridge, MA, MIT Press, 2011, xii+301 pp., U$35 (hardcover), ISBN 978-0-262-01515-8. The global trade boom that lasted ...
TL;DR: Kibbee as mentioned in this paper describes the status of French in England during the period from the marriage of Emma of Normandy to the lred (1004) to the fixing of a (relatively) standard pedagogical scheme for the teaching of French of English speakers (ca. 1600).
Abstract: The first grammatical descriptions of the French language were produced in England, several centuries before the first grammar written in French (but also several centuries after the Norman Conquest). This book describes the status of French in England during the period from the marriage of Emma of Normandy to thelred (1004) to the fixing of a (relatively) standard pedagogical scheme for the teaching of French of English speakers (ca. 1600). During this period French passed from a native language to a second language, became the official language of the legal profession, and ultimately fell back to a position of social accomplishment. At the same time, different pedagogical and descriptive traditions developed to meet these various needs. Here Kibbee traces the interaction of cultural, intellectual, social and technological history with the elaboration of a grammatical tradition. The book includes a bibliography and indexes of names, titles and subjects.