Facula

Abstract: The invention discloses a scanning three-dimensional imaging laser radar based on a linear array APD detector and an imaging method. The laser radar shapes the circular Gaussian laser beams into stripe laser to be transmitted, the linear array APD detector receives the laser echo, and the receiving field of view of the linear array APD detector coincides with the far-field facula of the laser. The range data are finally obtained after the signals output by the detector are amplified and processed. The laser radar completes measurement of the whole field of view via a two-dimensional scanning mechanism. The invention greatly improves the detection efficiency without increasing the repetition frequency of the laser and can meet the application requirement for demanding imaging time.

Abstract: We find that oscillations of the LOS velocity in Hα vary within facula regions. The power spectra show that the contributions of low-frequency modes (1.2 – 2 mHz) increase at the network boundaries. Three- and five-minute periods dominate inside cells. The spectra of photospheric and chromospheric LOS-velocity oscillations differ for most faculae. We detected several cases where oscillations in faculae seem to propagate horizontally with phase velocities of 50 – 70 km s−1. Their location in space and time coincided with the local maximum of the longitudinal magnetic field.

Abstract: The present invention provides a Satellite-bone camera space image distortion correction method based on the stellar map matching, the stellar point on the image is used as referecen point, achieving the distortion correction, including following steps: (1)image segmentation, extracting the stellar facula in the image; (2) calculating areal coordinates of each facula by the centroid method, as a real coordinate; (3) processing pre-correction according to the deformation parameter obtained by the ground standardization of the camera; (4) processing stellar map matching by single frame or multiple frames Hausdorff distance stellar map matching method, calculating academic coordinate corresponding to the practical coordinate; (5) calculating deformation parameter of the image by the corresponding relation between the practical coordinate and the academic coordinate; (6) obtaining corrected image by the three steps fitting of a polynomial and interpolation method. In addition, the invention aiming at correctoon impact of the camera plain shaft point system error, provides a adaptive compensation method. The invention has small operation, evident image correcting effect, and effectively preventing the impact of the correction caused by the image noise and the input system error.

Abstract: We study the influence of faculae on sunspot heat blockage using a thermal model based on eddy heat diffusion through the convection zone. The facula is represented as a localized area of excess emission surrounding the sunspot, which is represented as a thermal plug. Our computations using a range of reasonable combinations of spot and facular depths show no significant influence of the facula on the long storage times of heat blocked by sunspots. However, the local cooling of surface layers produced by excess facular emission in this model propagates globally within the convection zone in a similar way to the heating produced by a spot. The net effect of spots and faculae on L⊙ over time scales longer than an active region lifetime should thus be determined by the global sum of sunspot flux deficits and facular excesses.