TL;DR: In this article, the authors proposed a method for computing tax rates using national accounts and revenue statistics. And they constructed time series of tax rates for large industrial countries, identifying the revenue raised by different taxes at the general government level and defining aggregate measures of the corresponding tax bases.
TL;DR: In this article, the median voter hypothesis has been used to support the conclusion that countries with greater inequality of factor income redistribute more to the poor, even when controlling for the share of the elderly in the population and for pension transfers.
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors argue that to understand the behavior of productivity statistics, it is necessary to reexamine the basic assumptions underlying growth accounting, and they offer theoretical and empirical support for the assertion that the elasticity of output with respect to an input like capital or labor might differ from the share of the input in total factor income.
Abstract: This article argues that to understand the behavior of productivity statistics, it is necessary to reexamine the basic assumptions underlying growth accounting. In particular, it offers theoretical and empirical support for the assertion that the elasticity of output with respect to an input like capital or labor might differ from the share of the input in total factor income. The theories offered in support of this possibility allow for spillovers of knowledge, specialization with monopolistic competition, and endogenous accumulation of labor-saving technological change. Evidence on the form of aggregate production is drawn from data for many countries and for long historical time periods. The specific interpretation of the productivity slowdown that is offered is that a low elasticity of output with respect to labor causes labor productivity growth rates to fall when labor growth speeds up.
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors focus on the problems which arise when available data are restricted to the distribution of factor incomes between groups of families defined by their total income level, and the results obtained required exploration of the alternative concepts and measurements which are possible when individual family data are available.
Abstract: This paper furthers the discussion of income inequality decomposition by focusing attention on the problems which arise in this context when available data are restricted to the distribution of factor incomes between groups of families defined by their total income level. First, it sets out the Rao (1969) decomposition of the Gini coefficient for total income in terms of factor shares and factor concentration ratios. Further decomposition of concentration ratios into rank correlation ratios and factor Ginis is recommended when individual data are available. Second, interpretation of concentration ratios as Gini coefficients is shown to be misleading. An analogue in economic theory is required. The results obtained required exploration of the alternative concepts and measurements which are possible when individual family data are available. In turn, these had to be related to the more limited set of concepts which can be calibrated when available data are taken from a secondary source. Caution is advised in interpreting results based on secondary sources of income inequality by factor components.
TL;DR: In this article, the authors measure the income shares of capital and labor at the sectoral level for the US economy and decompose the capital shares into the income share of land, structures, and equipment.