Topic
Extremely low frequency
About: Extremely low frequency is a research topic. Over the lifetime, 603 publications have been published within this topic receiving 7885 citations. The topic is also known as: ELF.
Papers published on a yearly basis
1 / 2
Papers
Book•
1 Jan 2007
TL;DR: Effects of Radiofrequency and Extremely Low-Frequency Electromagnetic Field Radiation on Cells of the Immune System T.H. Mild and B. Greenebaum Endogenous Electric Fields in Animals R.R. Shigemitsu and M.E. Woloschak Evaluation of the Toxicity and Potential Oncogenicity of Extremely low-F Frequency Magnetic Fields in Experimental Animal Model Systems.
Abstract: BIOENGINEERING AND BIOPHYSICAL ASPECTS OF ELECTROMAGNETIC FIELDS Environmental and Occupationally Encountered Electromagnetic Fields K.H. Mild and B. Greenebaum Endogenous Electric Fields in Animals R. Nuccitelli Dielectric and Magnetic Properties of Biological Materials C. Gabriel Magnetic Properties of Biological Material J. Dobson Interaction of Direct Current and Extremely Low Frequency Electric Fields with Biological Materials and Systems F. Barnes Magnetic Field Effects on Free Radical Reactions in Biology S. Engstrom Signals, Noise, and Thresholds J.C. Weaver and M. Bier Biological Effects of Static Magnetic Field S. Ueno and T. Shigemitsu The Ion Cyclotron Resonance Hypothesis A.R. Liboff Computational Methods for Predicting Field Intensity and Temperature Change J.C. Lin and P. Bernardi Experimental EMF Exposure Assessment S. Kuhn and N. Kuster Electromagnetic Imaging of Biological Systems W.T. Joines, Q.H. Liu, and G. Ybarra BIOLOGICAL AND MEDICAL ASPECTS OF ELECTROMAGNETIC FIELDS Effects of Radiofrequency and Extremely Low-Frequency Electromagnetic Field Radiation on Cells of the Immune System T. Paunesku and G.E. Woloschak Evaluation of the Toxicity and Potential Oncogenicity of Extremely Low-Frequency Magnetic Fields in Experimental Animal Model Systems D.L. McCormick Interaction of Nonmodulated and Pulse-Modulated Radio Frequency Fields with Living Matter: Experimental Results S.M. Michaelson, E.C. Elson, and L.E. Anderson Behavioral and Cognitive Effects of Electromagnetic Field Exposures S.A. Johnston and J.A. D'Andrea Thermoregulation in the Presence of Radio Frequency Fields D. Black Epidemiologic Studies of Extremely Low-Frequency Electromagnetic Field L. Kheifets and R. Shimkhada Epidemiological Studies of Radio Frequency Fields M. Feychting EMF Standards for Human Health E. van Deventer, D. Simunic, and M.Repacholi Electroporation J.C. Weaver and Y. Chizmadzhev Electrical Shock Trauma R.C. Lee, E. Bodnar, P. Betala, and S. Blom-Eberwein Mechanisms and Therapeutic Applications of Time-Varying and Static Magnetic Fields A.A. Pilla Therapeutic Heating Applications of Radio Frequency Energy C-K. Chou
817 citations
441 citations
TL;DR: The performance characteristics of the Atmospheric Weather Electromagnetic System for Observation, Modeling, and Education (AWESOME) instrument are described, including sensitivity, frequency and phase response, timing accuracy, and cross modulation.
Abstract: A new instrument has been developed and deployed for sensitive reception of broadband extremely low frequency (ELF) (defined in this paper as 300-3000 Hz) and very low frequency (VLF) (defined in this paper as 3-30 kHz) radio signals from natural and man-made sources, based on designs used for decades at Stanford University. We describe the performance characteristics of the Atmospheric Weather Electromagnetic System for Observation, Modeling, and Education (AWESOME) instrument, including sensitivity, frequency and phase response, timing accuracy, and cross modulation. We also describe a broad range of scientific applications that use AWESOME ELF/VLF data involving measurements of both subionospherically and magnetospherically propagating signals.
246 citations
TL;DR: The dosimetry and physical interaction mechanisms of electromagnetic fields with frequencies in the extremely low frequency (ELF) range (below 300 Hz) are described and mechanisms of interaction of ELF fields with cellular and tissue systems are summarized, with emphasis on field transduction mechanisms involving the cell membrane.
Abstract: The dosimetry and physical interaction mechanisms of electromagnetic fields with frequencies in the extremely low frequency (ELF) range (below 300 Hz) are described. The mechanisms through which ELF electric and magnetic fields induce electric currents in living organisms are summarized, with particular emphasis on humans. Topics that are discussed include: (1) sources and measurements of ELF electric and magnetic fields; (2) direct and indirect coupling of these fields to humans; (3) transient discharges and contact currents, and the thresholds for human response to these phenomena; (4) protective measures for the mitigation of potential ELF field effects on humans; and (5) mechanisms of interaction of ELF fields with cellular and tissue systems, with emphasis on field transduction mechanisms involving the cell membrane.
194 citations
TL;DR: A review of the development of ELF and VLF measurements, both from a historical point of view and from the view of their relationship to optical and other observations of ionospheric effects of lightning discharges is provided in this paper.
Abstract: [1] Extremely low frequency (ELF) and very low frequency (VLF) observations have formed the cornerstone of measurement and interpretation of effects of lightning discharges on the overlying upper atmospheric regions, as well as near‐Earth space. ELF (0.3–3 kHz) and VLF (3–30 kHz) wave energy released by lightning discharges is often the agent of modification of the lower ionospheric medium that results in the conductivity changes and the excitation of optical emissions that constitute transient luminous events (TLEs). In addition, the resultant ionospheric changes are best (and often uniquely) observable as perturbations of subionospherically propagating VLF signals. In fact, some of the earliest evidence for direct disturbances of the lower ionosphere in association with lightning discharges was obtained in the course of the study of such VLF perturbations. Measurements of the detailed ELF and VLF waveforms of parent lightning discharges that produce TLEs and terrestrial gamma ray flashes (TGFs) have also been very fruitful, often revealing properties of such discharges that maximize ionospheric effects, such as generation of intense electromagnetic pulses (EMPs) or removal of large quantities of charge. In this paper, we provide a review of the development of ELF and VLF measurements, both from a historical point of view and from the point of view of their relationship to optical and other observations of ionospheric effects of lightning discharges.
192 citations
Related Topics (5)
Performance Metrics
| Year | Papers |
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| 2025 | 3 |
| 2024 | 9 |
| 2023 | 26 |
| 2022 | 29 |
| 2021 | 10 |
| 2020 | 15 |