Exchequer

Abstract: Part 1 The scope of the problem: the financial revolution the contemporary debate. Part 2 Government long-term borrowing: the earliest phase of the national debt 1688-1714 problems of administration and reform 1693-1719 the South Sea Bubble (I) the South Sea Bubble (II) financial relief and reconstruction 1720-30 (I) financial relief and reconstruction 1720-1730 (II) the national debt under Walpole war and peace 1739-55. Part 3 The public creditors: public creditors in England public creditors abroad. Part 4 Government short-term borrowing: borrowing by exchequer tallies borrowing by exchequer bills departmental credit the bonds of the monied companies the ownership of short-dates securities. Part 5 The market in securities: the turnover of securities the rate of interest in theory and practice the origins of the stock exchange. Appendices.

Abstract: List of illustrations List of figures List of tables Preface List of abbreviations 1. Trust, collective action and the state 2. 'The great tax eater': the limits of the fiscal-military state, 1793-1842 3. 'Philosophical administration and constitutional control': the emergence of the Gladstonian fiscal constitution 4. 'A cheap purchase of future security': establishing the income tax, 1842-60 5. 'Our real war chest': the national debt, war and empire 6. 'The sublime rule of proportion': ability to pay and the social structure, 1842-1906 7. 'The minimum of irritation': fiscal administration and civil society, 1842-1914 8. 'The right of a dead hand': death and taxation 9. 'Athenian democracy': the fiscal system and the local state, 1835-1914 10. 'The end of our taxation tether': the limits of the Gladstonian fiscal constitution, 1894-1906 11. 'The modern income tax': remaking the fiscal constitution, 1906-14 12. Conclusion Appendix: chancellors of the Exchequer, 1841-1914 Bibliography Index.

Abstract: The Review investigated three areas in depth: money transmission - the flow of money between firms, individuals and government through the payments system; services to personal customers; and services to small and medium-sized businesses (SMEs). It posed the following questions: is competition effective?; will the future change things for the better? The answer to the first question was No for all three groups. The Review concludes that the essential first step towards increased competition is a new policy framework for the relationship between government and the banking industry.

Abstract: A major review of the economics of climate change under the leadership of Professor Sir Nicholas Stern was announced at the end of July 2005, reporting to the United Kingdom’s Chancellor of the Exchequer and to the Prime Minister. The Stern Review on the Economics of Climate Change is due to report in autumn 2006. This article sets out some of the issues the review is considering.