Topic
Etrog
About: Etrog is a research topic. Over the lifetime, 15 publications have been published within this topic receiving 261 citations. The topic is also known as: Citrus medica var. ethrog.
Papers
TL;DR: Cessation of salt treatment led to a progressive recovery of photosynthesis for both varieties accompanied by a reduction in both stomatal and internal resistances, and these leaves tolerated up to 350 mM chloride under glasshouse conditions without sustaining a permanent reduction in photosynthetic capacity.
Abstract: Seedlings of Rangpur lime (Citrus reticulata var. austera hyb.?) and Etrog citron (C. medica L.), which differ markedly in ability for salt exclusion (i.e. the ability to restrict the uptake and/or transport of salt between roots and shoots), were grown under glasshouse conditions and supplied with dilute nutrient solution containing either 0 or 50 mM NaCl. Photosynthetic response to salt treatment and subsequent recovery were followed for 105 days for Etrog citron and for 119 days for Rangpur lime. Photosynthesis in mature leaves of both varieties was progressively reduced by salt treatment irrespective of ability for salt exclusion. The photosynthetic decline in each case was related to increases in stomatal and internal resistances. The reduction in photosynthetic capacity in Etrog citron leaves was associated with high leaf chloride concentrations while in Rangpur lime, a salt excluder, it could be related to a loss of leaf turgor. Leaf sodium concentrations were not markedly increased by salt treatment in either variety. Cessation of salt treatment led to a progressive recovery of photosynthesis for both varieties accompanied by a reduction in both stomatal and internal resistances. Recovery in Etrog citron leaves occurred despite little change in leaf chloride concentrations. These leaves tolerated up to 350 mM chloride (leaf water basis) under glasshouse conditions without sustaining a permanent reduction in photosynthetic capacity.
108 citations
TL;DR: The genetic diversity of CEVd populations infecting different citrus hosts was studied by comparing populations recovered from infected trifoliate orange and sour orange seedling trees after 10 years of evolution, with the ancestral population maintained for the same period in the original host, Etrog citron.
Abstract: Citrus exocortis viroid (CEVd) populations are composed of closely related haplotypes whose frequencies in the population result from the equilibrium between mutation, selection and genetic drift. The genetic diversity of CEVd populations infecting different citrus hosts was studied by comparing populations recovered from infected trifoliate orange and sour orange seedling trees after 10 years of evolution, with the ancestral population maintained for the same period in the original host, Etrog citron. Furthermore, populations isolated from these trifoliate orange and sour orange trees were transmitted back to Etrog citron plants and the evolution of their mutant spectra was studied. The results indicate that (i) the amount and composition of the within-plant genetic diversity generated varies between these two hosts and is markedly different from that which is characteristic of the original Etrog citron host and (ii) the genetic diversity found after transmitting back to Etrog citron is indistinguishable from that which is characteristic of the ancestral Etrog citron population, regardless of the citrus plant from which the evolved populations were isolated. The relationship between the CEVd populations from Etrog citron and trifoliate orange, both sensitive hosts, and those from sour orange, which is a tolerant host, is discussed.
42 citations
TL;DR: This is believed to be the first report of systemic resistance induced in a woody plant by prior inoculation with a viroid, regardless of prior infection by CEVd.
Abstract: Etrog citron and Rangpur lime plants were each inoculated with one of four isolates of the citrus exocortis viroid (CEVd) and incubated for 1 yr, during which time the viroid spread systemically. CEVd caused severe leaf curling and short internodes in Etrog citron but not in Rangpur lime. After leaf inoculation with Phoma tracheiphila, typical mal secco disease symptoms developed on leaves of both cultivars, regardless of prior infection by CEVd, but growth of the mycelium from the infected leaves into the branches was greatly affected by CEVd infection. In Etrog citron, P. tracheiphila was isolated from only 9.1% of the branches sampled from CEVd-infected plants, compared with 100% from CEVd-free plants. In Rangpur lime, the incidence of branches containing P. tracheiphila varied in CEVd-infected plants from 16.7 to 50% among CEVd isolates, compared with 70% in the viroid-free controls. This is believed to be the first report of systemic resistance induced in a woody plant by prior inoculation with a viroid
24 citations
TL;DR: Results suggest that a translocatable factor from Etrog citron mediates this viroid trafficking and remains phloem restricted when singly infecting Citrus karna, Citrus aurantium and Poncirus trifoliata.
Abstract: Viroid systemic spread involves cell-to-cell movement from initially infected cells via plasmodesmata, long-distance movement within the phloem and again cell-to-cell movement to invade distal tissues including the mesophyll. Citrus exocortis viroid (CEVd), hop stunt viroid, citrus bent leaf viroid, citrus dwarfing viroid, citrus bark cracking viroid and citrus viroid V remained phloem restricted when singly infecting Citrus karna, Citrus aurantium and Poncirus trifoliata, but not Etrog citron, where they were additionally detected in mesophyll protoplasts. However, when CEVd-infected C. karna was side-grafted with Etrog citron – with the resulting plants being composed of a C. karna stock and an Etrog citron branch – the viroid was detected in mesophyll protoplasts of the former, thus indicating that the ability of Etrog citron to support viroid invasion of non-vascular tissues was transferred to the stock. Further results suggest that a translocatable factor from Etrog citron mediates this viroid trafficking.
12 citations
7 citations
Related Topics (5)
Performance Metrics
| Year | Papers |
|---|---|
| 2018 | 1 |
| 2016 | 1 |
| 2015 | 3 |
| 2014 | 1 |
| 2009 | 1 |
| 2004 | 1 |