Topic
Ethanol binding
About: Ethanol binding is a research topic. Over the lifetime, 39 publications have been published within this topic receiving 1301 citations.
Papers
TL;DR: The mechanisms behind the membrane-mediated effects of ethanol were examined via the interaction of ethanol with phospholipid bilayers at hydration levels of 10-12 water molecules per lipid through 2H and 31P nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy.
Abstract: The mechanisms behind the membrane-mediated effects of ethanol were examined via the interaction of ethanol with phospholipid bilayers at hydration levels of 10-12 water molecules per lipid. 2H and 31P nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy was used to monitor deuterated water and ethanol and the headgroups and acyl chains of neutral phospholipids. Ethanol was found to interact strongly with both phosphatidylcholine (PC) and phosphatidylethanolamine (PE) bilayers, giving 2H NMR quadrupolar splittings for CH3CD2OH between 6.3 and 9.4 kHz. The quadrupolar splittings for ethanol in gel-phase lipids remained well resolved and were not significantly larger than those in the L alpha phase, suggesting that little or no ethanol was bound in the hydrocarbon interior of the bilayer. Ethanol binding significantly altered the orientation of the lipid headgroups, as shown with headgroup-deuterated PC bilayers. The entire lengths of the acyl chains were significantly disordered by the ethanol interaction, evidenced by significant reductions in the 2H NMR order parameters of the chains. The disordering corresponds to an increase in the area per lipid by an estimated 6% with one ethanol molecule per lipid, and a total of 18% with a second ethanol per lipid. This pronounced area increase is presumably caused by the disruption of lipid packing in the rigid region of the glycerol backbone rather than in the acyl chains, since the order of hydrocarbon chains is not affected to a significant degree by incorporation of alkanes and long-chain alcohols into the hydrocarbon interior.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
208 citations
TL;DR: The directly measured variability of the structural bilayer parameters implies that ethanol binding to the phospholipid bilayers increases the lateral as well as the transverse repulsion between the lipid molecules.
109 citations
TL;DR: In this article, the effects of anesthetics on the NMDA receptors expressed in Xenopus oocytes with two-electrode voltage-clamp recording were evaluated with a T-tube device, which suggested different properties of ketamine and isoflurane inhibition.
Abstract: Alcohols, inhaled anesthetics, and some injectable anesthetics inhibit the function of N-methyl-d-aspartate (NMDA) receptors, but the mechanisms responsible for this inhibition are not fully understood. Recently, it was shown that ethanol inhibition of NMDA receptors was reduced by mutation of residues in the transmembrane (TM) segment 3 of the NR1 subunit (F639A) or in TM4 of the NR2A subunit (A825W), suggesting putative ethanol binding sites. We hypothesized that the actions of other anesthetics might also require these amino acids and evaluated the effects of anesthetics on the NMDA receptors expressed in Xenopus oocytes with two-electrode voltage-clamp recording. Effects of hexanol, octanol, isoflurane, halothane, chloroform, cyclopropane, 1-chloro-1,2,2-trifluorocyclobutane, and xenon were reduced or eliminated in the mutant NMDA receptors, whereas the inhibitory effects of nitrous oxide, ketamine, and benzene were not affected by these mutations. Rapid applications of glutamate and glycine by a T-tube device provided activation time constants, which suggested different properties of ketamine and isoflurane inhibition. Thus, amino acids in TM3 and TM4 are important for the actions of many anesthetics, but nitrous oxide, benzene, and ketamine seem to have distinct mechanisms for inhibition of the NMDA receptors.
99 citations
TL;DR: These studies reveal that the binding of ethanol is highly sensitive to small changes in the composition of the alcohol binding site, and find that T57 is the most critical residue for binding alcohols.
76 citations
Related Topics (5)
Performance Metrics
| Year | Papers |
|---|---|
| 2020 | 5 |
| 2019 | 1 |
| 2018 | 3 |
| 2017 | 2 |
| 2016 | 2 |
| 2011 | 2 |