TL;DR: An equivalent series resistance (ESR) measurement device for testing electrolytic capacitors without removing the test capacitor from the circuit in which it is being used and without first discharging the test capacitance prior to testing is presented in this article.
Abstract: An Equivalent Series Resistance (ESR) measurement device for testing electrolytic capacitors without removing the test capacitor from the circuit in which it is being used and without first discharging the test capacitor prior to testing. A low voltage AC ohmmeter, which operates at a frequency of approximately 100 KHz, is used as the measurement device for the in-circuit testing of the ESR and thus as an indication of the status or usability of the electrolytic capacitor being tested. A current-blocking capacitor is placed in series with the electrolytic capacitor being tested to allow in-circuit testing without damaging the meter since it blocks any DC charge remaining on the test capacitor. A pair of oppositely poled diodes are coupled in parallel across the terminals of the meter to protect the meter from surge currents and the like and a resistor is coupled in parallel with the test capacitor to provide a discharge path for discharging the series blocking capacitor when the electrolytic capacitor is removed from testing. The ESR meter itself is designed with two operational amplifiers forming an oscillator whose output is relatively immune from fluctuations in supply voltage. An amplifier network including three operational amplifiers is provided to amplify the ESR signal to a usable level. A peak-to-peak detector circuit is used which employs an operational amplifier having a supplemental feedback resistor which reduces the phase shift at the output of the operational amplifier to enable the peak detector diodes to perform their conventional functions. The two outputs of the peak detector are connected to two DC amplifiers and a conventional meter movement is driven differentially by the DC amplifiers to provide a visual readout of the measured ESR of the test capacitor for evaluation purposes and the like.
TL;DR: In this paper, the intrinsic value of the equivalent series resistance (ESR) of electrolytic capacitors is determined at the converter operating conditions to predict the output response of the converter.
Abstract: This paper presents a laboratory method that can be used to determine the intrinsic value of the equivalent series resistance (ESR) of electrolytic capacitors One of the most critical problems of switch mode DC-DC converter designers is the ESR, which introduces a high AC component in the output voltage Thus, the knowledge of this value at the converter operating conditions is fundamental to predict the output response of the converter To validate this technique some experimental and simulated results are presented
TL;DR: In this article, a transformer with three windings is used to couple the ESR meter to the capacitor being tested in a manner that protects the meter from discharging currents in the transformer core that are of the same magnitude and opposite polarity.
Abstract: A system for protecting test equipment intended to perform in-circuit or other low level testing and may connect to a charged capacitor. In one embodimnet, a transformer with three windings is used to couple the ESR meter to the capacitor being tested in a manner that protects the ESR meter. In operation, the ESR meter is connected to the primary winding and the capacitor to be measured is connected to one of the secondary windings. The other secondary winding is connected to the first secondary winding through two diodes that are not conducting during the measurement but do conduct if the capacitor being measured has an electrical charge. The transformer secondary windings are connected to each other so the capacitor discharging currents create flux in the transformer core that are of the same magnitude and opposite polarity, thereby canceling their effect on the primary winding.
TL;DR: In this article, an analogue ESR meter, made with a JFET integrated circuit, which can be used to identify defective electrolytic capacitors, is presented, which consists of a differential voltage source, a 100 kHz oscillator, a Wheatstone bridge with resistors supplied with alternating voltage.
Abstract: The paper presents an analogue ESR meter, made with a JFET integrated circuit, which can be used to identify defective electrolytic capacitors. It is powered by continuous voltage and consists of a differential voltage source, a 100 kHz oscillator, a Wheatstone bridge with resistors supplied with alternating voltage, in a connecting arm of bridge being connected the electrolytic capacitors to be checked, a voltage amplifier-comparator with optical warning, a high-pass filter and a voltage-current converter. At the output of voltage-current converter is a milliammeter pointing out the ESR value (up to 20 Ω). Measurements were made on a batch of electrolytic capacitors (new and used) and a comparative analysis was performed between the measured values with an analogue ESR-meter and a digital one.