Topic
Epiglottitis
About: Epiglottitis is a research topic. Over the lifetime, 892 publications have been published within this topic receiving 13061 citations. The topic is also known as: acute epiglottitis and supraglottitis & acute epiglottitis.
Papers published on a yearly basis
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Papers
TL;DR: The purpose of this review is to describe the pathogenesis of pulmonary oedema associated with upper airway obstruction, summarize what is known of its clinical presentation, and reflect upon its implications for the clinical management ofAirway obstruction.
Abstract: The purpose of this review is to describe the pathogenesis of pulmonary oedema associated with upper airway obstruction, summarize what is known of its clinical presentation, and reflect upon its implications for the clinical management of airway obstruction. The pathogenesis of pulmonary oedema associated with upper airway obstruction is multifactorial. However, as the phrase "negative pressure pulmonary oedema" suggests, markedly negative intrapleural pressure is the dominant pathophysiological mechanism involved in the genesis of pulmonary oedema associated with upper airway obstruction. The frequency of the event is impossible to ascertain from the literature but paediatric cases requiring airway intervention for croup or epiglottitis and adults requiring airway intervention for emergence laryngospasm or upper airway tumours account for over 50 per cent of the documented cases in each age group, respectively. Individuals at risk should be observed closely while they remain at risk. The majority of cases present within minutes either of the development of acute severe upper airway obstruction or of relief of the obstruction. Resolution is typically rapid, over a period of a few hours. Rarely is anything more required for management than the maintenance of a patent airway, supplemental oxygen, and, in approximately 50 per cent of cases, mechanical ventilation and positive end-expiratory pressure.
305 citations
TL;DR: There have been significant changes in the clinical epidemiology of epiglottitis, which now occurs almost exclusively in adults, often with less severe symptoms and a lower incidence of H influenzae infection.
166 citations
TL;DR: Admission is indicated in children with stridor at rest, evidence of exhaustion, toxicity or respiratory distress, and active airway intervention is rarely required but may be life saving if obstruction develops.
Abstract: Croup syndromes are common in children, most frequently being infectious in origin. Children present with a slow progression of inspiratory and expiratory stridor and a croupy, "barking seal" cough. Children are variably febrile and with progression of disease, exhaustion, agitation, cyanosis and air hunger may develop. The evaluation of the patient must focus on the degree of respiratory distress and associated findings. Epiglottitis and foreign body aspiration must be excluded. Management is primarily dependent upon administration of humidified air. Children with moderate to severe croup benefit from racemic epinephrine and steroids. Admission is indicated in children with stridor at rest, evidence of exhaustion, toxicity or respiratory distress. Active airway intervention is rarely required but may be life saving if obstruction develops.
134 citations
TL;DR: In the H influenzae type b vaccine era, acute epiglottitis in children has almost disappeared and the incidence in the adult population has been constant, suggesting a discriminate approach to airway management seems safe in adults.
Abstract: Aims:To describe the incidence trends, clinical presentation, management and outcome of acute epiglottitis in a Danish population after the introduction of Haemophilus influenzae type b vaccine.Methods:Retrospective review of the health records of all patients discharged with a diagnosis of acute epiglottitis from the otolaryngology department, Roskilde County Hospital, Denmark, from 1996 to 2005.Results:One infant and 34 adults were identified. The incidence of acute epiglottitis in children was 0.02 cases/100 000/year. Before introduction of the H influenzae type b vaccination (1983–1992), the mean national incidence of acute epiglottitis was 4.9 cases/100 000/year. The incidence of acute epiglottitis in adults was constant, with a mean value of 1.9 cases/100 000/year. Twenty-nine per cent of the patients required an artificial airway, and respiratory distress was found to be associated with airway intervention (p = 0.010). All patients recovered completely.Conclusions:In the H influenzae type b vaccine era, acute epiglottitis in children has almost disappeared. The incidence in the adult population has been constant. A discriminate approach to airway management seems safe in adults.
118 citations
TL;DR: Extremely severe swelling of the epiglottis such that only less than half of the posterior vocal fold could be seen, and extension of the swelling to the arytenoids were the two factors that were strongly associated with airway intervention.
Abstract: We reviewed acute epiglottitis (AE) and identified factors associated with airway intervention. This report was a retrospective review of patients with AE and compared with factors associated with airway intervention. We reviewed 96 patients who were diagnosed with AE in our hospitals in Japan. Ninety-two (96 per cent) patients were adults, and no seasonal variation in the incidence of AE was encountered. Eight (8 per cent) patients had tracheostomy and endotracheal intubation had not been done. We found that symptoms of stridor and muffled voice, a rapid clinical course, and diabetes mellitus were the factors associated with airway intervention. Extremely severe swelling of the epiglottis such that only less than half of the posterior vocal fold (scope classification (SC): III) could be seen, and extension of the swelling to the arytenoids (SC: B) were the two factors that were strongly associated with airway intervention.
108 citations
Related Topics (5)
Performance Metrics
| Year | Papers |
|---|---|
| 2025 | 14 |
| 2024 | 19 |
| 2023 | 38 |
| 2022 | 37 |
| 2021 | 23 |
| 2020 | 23 |