Engine efficiency

Abstract: Internal Combustion EnginesInternal Combustion EnginesTurbocharging the Internal Combustion EngineAdvances in Turbocharged Racing EnginesIntroduction to Modeling and Control of Internal Combustion Engine SystemsStreet TurbochargingHP1488Supercharging of Internal Combustion EnginesIntroduction to Internal Combustion EnginesA Methodology for Turbocharging Single Cylinder Four Stroke Internal Combustion EnginesInternal Combustion Engine FundamentalsTurbocharging : The internal combustion engineMaximum BoostInternal Combustion Engines10th International Conference on Turbochargers and TurbochargingCombustion EnginesCharacterizing and Designing Engine Manifolds for Single-cylinder Engine TurbochargingTurbocharging the Internal Combustion EngineDiesel Engine ProcessesTurbocharging of Small Internal Combustion Engines as a Means of Improving Engine/Application System Fuel Economy8th International Conference on Turbochargers and TurbochargingSupercharging the Reciprocating Internal Combustion EngineCharging the Internal Combustion EngineEngineering Fundamentals of the Internal Combustion Engine: Pearson New International EditionTurbocharging of Small Internal Combustion Engine as a Means of Improving Engine/Application System Fuel Economy-Further Turbocharger ImprovementsDiesel Engine Transient OperationCost, Effectiveness, and Deployment of Fuel Economy Technologies for Light-Duty VehiclesHandbook of Air Pollution from Internal Combustion EnginesFundamentals of TurbochargingAdvances in Internal Combustion Engines and Fuel TechnologiesTurbochargers and Turbocharging11th International Conference on Turbochargers and TurbochargingPounder's Marine Diesel Engines and Gas TurbinesDesign and Development of Heavy Duty Diesel EnginesInternal Combustion Engines14th International Conference on Turbochargers and TurbochargingDesigning and Analyzing the Turbocharging of a Hydrogenfueled Internal Combustion Engine in a Hybrid VehicleTurbocharging the Internal Combustion EngineInternal Combustion EnginesSupercharging the Reciprocating Internal Combustion Engine with Special Reference to TurbochargingVehicular Engine Design

Abstract: This text was written primarily for gas turbine designers and emphasizes engine performance, presenting easy-to-read guidelines for engineers on how to achieve optimum fuel efficiency, stability, and emissions control in gas turbine systems. It discusses the effects of liquid, vapor and ice on gas turbines, and examines fuel and oil properties and their impact on performance. Contents include: gas turbine engine applications; the operational envelope; properties and charts for dry air, combustion products and other working fluids; dimensionless, quasidimensionless, referred and scaling parameter groups; gas turbine engine components; design point performance and engine concept design; off design performance; transient performance; starting; windmilling; engine performance testing; the effects of water-liquid, steam and ice; fuel and oil properties and their impact; appendices; and index.

Abstract: For more than two decades [1,2], Corning has served the community with an annual review of global regulatory and technological advances pertaining to emissions from internal combustion engine (ICE) driven vehicles and machinery. We continue with a review for the year 2020, which will be remembered by COVID and the significant negative impact it had on the industry. However, it also provided a glimpse of the possible improvement in air quality with reduced anthropogenic emissions. It was a year marked by goals set for climate change mitigation via reduced fossil fuel use by the transportation sector. Governments stepped up plans to accelerate the adoption of zero tailpipe emitting vehicles. However, any transformation of the transportation sector is not going to happen overnight due to the scale of the infrastructure and technology challenges. A case in point is China, which announced a technology roadmap which envisions half of the vehicles to be hybrids in 2035. The ICE is clearly expected to be part of the powertrain mix for a long time and as such, solutions are needed to attain near-zero emissions, even with conventional engines. The industry is naturally responding to all of these changes and several technology solutions are being advanced, including improved efficiency, advanced aftertreatment systems, hybridization, low carbon fuels and predictive control strategies. It was also a year of heightened regulatory activity on what could perhaps be the last major regulations on criteria pollutants in advanced markets. California adopted the Low NOx Omnibus rule requiring a 90% reduction in NOx from heavy-duty vehicles. Elements of light-duty LEV IV regulations were discussed, which could culminate in a fleet averaged NMOG + NOx limit of 20 mg/mi. Proposals were made for Euro 7/VII, and several major changes put forth for consideration, including tightening of limits, inclusion of sub-23 nm particles, an emphasis on urban driving and an overall shift in certification based on real-world driving emission measurements with limited allowed exclusions. Limits may be imposed on previously non-regulated species such as NH3 which will drive additional content. Technologies are advancing, both on engines and aftertreatment systems. Light-duty gasoline engines are approaching 45% BTE. Heavy duty diesel engines are approaching 55% BTE. We cover some of the major technologies being pursued to extend these gains. Gasoline particulate filters are now rapidly becoming a mature technology for light-duty vehicles in Europe and China, although the next round of regulations will require a significant increase in filtration efficiency. Concept studies show pathways to reduce gas emissions well below the next proposed limits. A major thrust on the heavy-duty side is to analyze systems capable of meeting the low NOx requirements while also extending durability. We cover the various leading approaches and latest advances in de-NOx technologies. We also briefly touch upon fuels, which will play a critical role, whether in improving efficiency of advanced combustion such as gasoline compression ignition or in their role with reducing greenhouse gas emissions through renewable or synthetic fuels. Finally, as we approach near-zero tailpipe emission levels, non-tailpipe emissions could become a significant fraction of the overall particulate inventory. © 2021 SAE International. All rights reserved.