TL;DR: In this paper, a financial option of which the payoff depends on the average value of the underlying security over some final time interval is discussed, and an expectation formula for the option value is given.
Abstract: In this paper we shall discuss a financial option of which the payoff depends on the average value of the underlying security over some final time interval After explaining what an option is about we will derive a partial differential equation for the option which is different from the partial differential equation of a simple European call option From this we will get an expectation formula for the option value We will give an economical as well as a mathematical argument for this expectation formula
TL;DR: In this article, a residual value after depreciation is calculated for every middle classification item from an asset amount of the middle classification items input through itemized construction cost data input screens W2A and W2B and the residual value is added up to produce a cumulative residual value of a single building.
Abstract: PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To accurately assess an asset, and easily and quickly compute a correct asset value at any time. SOLUTION: A residual value after depreciation is calculated for every middle classification item from an asset amount of the middle classification item input through itemized construction cost data input screens W2A and W2B and a depreciation rate corresponding to the middle classification item, and the residual value is added up to produce a cumulative residual value of a single building. According to an amount of work costs specified for renewing, repairing or improving the depreciable asset, the residual value of every classification item is recalculated with reflections of asset changes to recalculate the cumulative residual value. COPYRIGHT: (C)2010,JPO&INPIT
TL;DR: In this paper, the application of economic value added theory in enterprise value evaluation is introduced and the calculation method of EV added is introduced, which is a method to calculate the enterprise value in continuous knowledge process of enterprise operating evaluation.
Abstract: People gradually understand the enterprise value in continuous knowledge process of enterprise operating evaluation.But there are many theoretical debates about how to carry on enterprise value evaluation.This paper introduces the application of economic value added theory in enterprise value evaluation and introduces the calculation method of economic value added.
TL;DR: The concept of the time value of money is important to actuarial science and to other areas of the economic world as mentioned in this paper, and actuaries use this concept, together with the concept of random variability, in the calculation of actuarial present values.
Abstract: The concept of the time value of money is important to actuarial science, and to other areas of the economic world. Actuaries use this concept, together with the concept of random variability, in the calculation of actuarial present values. Present values allow actuaries to make judgments as to actuarial equivalence, and other matters important to the profession.
TL;DR: In this paper, the value of a company is determined in case of sale, merger, but not only; it is also useful to identify sources of value creation, which is a very important and controversial at the same time process.
Abstract: Determining the value of a company is a process very important and controversial at the same time process. Knowing the value of a firm is indispensable in case of sale, merger, but not only; it is also useful to identify sources of value creation. The val