TL;DR: The phylogenetic relationships among the neotropical snakes Apostolepis, Elapomorphus and Phalotris are studied and results indicate elapomorphine snakes form a clade supported by 3 synapomorphies, which, in turn, is closely related to representatives of the African Atractaspididae.
Abstract: The skull of Elapomorphus quinquelineatus is described in detail and the phylogenetic relationships among the neotropical snakes Apostolepis, Elapomorphus and Phalotris are studied based on 17 skull characters and 3 external morphological characters. Representants of the subfamily Xenodontinae were included in this work for phylogenetic comparisons. The results indicate elapomorphine snakes form a clade supported by 3 synapomorphies, which, in turn, is closely related to representatives of the African Atractaspididae, this latter assemblage being supported by 9 synapomorphies. The revalidation of the name Elapomorphinae Jan 1862, as subfamily of the Colubridae is proposed.