Effi

Abstract: In past years there has been increasing interest in field of Wi reless Sensor Networks (WSNs). One of the major issue of WSNs is development of energy effi cient routing protocols. Clustering is an effective way to increase energy effi ciency. Mostly, heterogenous protocols consider two or three energy level of nodes. In reality, heterogonous WSNs contain large range of energy levels. By analyzing communication energy consumption of the clusters and large range of energy levels in heterogenous WSN, we propose BEENISH (Balanced Energy Effi cient Network Integrated Super Heterogenous) Protocol. It assumes WSN containing four energy levels of nodes. Here, Cluster Heads (CHs) are elected on the bases of residual energy level of nodes. Simulation results show that it performs better than existing clustering protocols in heterogeneous WSNs. Our protocol achieve longer stability, lifetime and more effective messages than Distributed Energy Effi cient Clustering (DEEC), Developed DEEC (DDEEC) and Enhanced DEEC (EDEEC).

Abstract: This study assessed the technical effi ciency of family poultry production in Niger- Delta, Nigeria. The technical effi ciency estimate shows that the technical effi ciency of family poultry ranges between 0.09 and 0.63, with mean of 0.22. This indicates that on the average, the respondents are 22% effi cient in the use of combination of their inputs. The elasticity estimate of 12.29 indicates that the family poultry production is taking place at stage 1 (ineffi cient stage) in production curve. This study concludes that the output and technical effi ciency of the family poultry production can be increased by the use of more feed, capital, medicine/vaccine and adoption of more innovations.

Abstract: Enhancing efficiency and performance of public sector banks (PSBs) is a key objective of economic reforms in many countries including India. It is believed that private ownership helps improve effi...

Abstract: Th e study concerns the measurement of the technical effi ciency of agriculture in the 27 European Union (EU) countries in 2010. Th e studies were conducted based on the result-oriented DEA method assuming variable advantages of scale. Moreover, in the study, the factors aff ecting technical effi ciency were identifi ed, and the econometric modelling of their impact was performed with the use of the Tobit model. Th e studies indicate that across the 27 EU Member States, the level of the technical effi ciency of agriculture is diverse, and the diff erence between the states with the highest and the lo- west effi ciencies is 40%. Cyprus, Denmark, Greece, France, Spain, the Netherlands, Luxembourg, Italy and Malta were iden- tifi ed as the countries with the thoroughly technically effi cient agriculture. In turn, the least technically effi cient agriculture is observed for the Czech Republic, Lithuania, Hungary, Ireland, Latvia and Slovakia. Taking into account the factors deter- mining the technical agriculture effi ciency, it should be noted that the stimulants have proven to be such factors as: the soil quality, the age of the head of the household and the surcharges for investments. In turn, the size of the farm appeared to be irrelevant from the viewpoint of the technical effi ciency of the agricultural sector.