Eco-efficiency

Abstract: Executive Overview Just as the creation of shareholder value requires performance on multiple dimensions, the global challenges associated with sustainable development are also multifaceted, involving economic, social, and environmental concerns. Indeed, these challenges have implications for virtually every aspect of a firm's strategy and business model. Yet, most managers frame sustainable development not as a multidimensional opportunity, but rather as a one-dimensional nuisance, involving regulations, added cost, and liability. This approach leaves firms ill-equipped to deal with the issue in a strategic manner. Accordingly, we develop a sustainable-value framework that links the challenges of global sustainability to the creation of shareholder value by the firm. Specifically, we show how the global challenges associated with sustainable development, viewed through the appropriate set of business lenses, can help to identify strategies and practices that contribute to a more sustainable world while s...

Abstract: The topic of sustainable tourism has emerged in the last decade as a result of discussions from the report Our Common Future. This paper reviews the development of the term, beginning with a discussion of the confusion arising from the imprecise and conflicting definitions of the concept, and the need to distinguish between sustainable tourism and the development of tourism on the principles of sustainable development. The paper then reviews the environmental focus of discussions of sustainable tourism and argues for the need to ensure that the concept includes and is applied to the human environment as well as the physical environment. Attention then shifts to problems of carrying capacity, control of tourism development, and the relevance of the term to mass or conventional tourism. The paper concludes with a discussion of the future direction of sustainable tourism and the likelihood of development moving in this direction.