TL;DR: A prospective study comparing the preoperative Duplex ultrasound appearance of carotid bifurcation atheroma with the pathological characteristics found in the endarterectomy specimens of the same vessels found a high incidence of unstable plaque pathology in the operative specimens.
Abstract: This paper describes a prospective study comparing the preoperative Duplex ultrasound appearance of carotid bifurcation atheroma with the pathological characteristics found in the endarterectomy specimens of the same vessels. Initial studies of carotid atheroma using Duplex scanning classified plaques into heterogeneous and homogeneous and found a strong correlation between heterogeneous lesions and the presence of intraplaque haemorrhage or ulceration in the endarterectomy specimen. The B-mode classification of plaque appearance described in this paper is an expansion of the above classification. The study group comprised 220 patients who underwent 244 procedures. The indication for carotid endarterectomy was symptomatic disease in the great majority of cases. We found a high incidence of unstable plaque pathology in the operative specimens, and a predominance of the more echolucent ultrasound plaque appearances (types 1 and 2). There is a statistically significant relationship (p less than 0.001) between ultrasound appearance types 1 and 2 and the presence of either intraplaque haemorrhage or ulceration in the endarterectomy specimen.
TL;DR: Duplex scan determination of 70% to 99% stenosis as defined in the NASCET requires the adoption of duplex criteria modified from those in current use in most vascular laboratories, and an ICA PSV/CCA PSV ratio of 4.0 provided the best combination of sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value, negative predictive value and overall accuracy.
TL;DR: Patients with peripheral arterial disease were evaluated using an ultrasonic duplex scanner to demonstrate that this method is not only suitable for clinical use but is as good as arteriography in defining both the location and extent of the arterial involvement.
Abstract: Thirty patients with peripheral arterial disease were evaluated using an ultrasonic duplex scanner. A total of 338 arterial segments from the level of the iliac to the popliteal artery were studied and compared with the results of arteriography read independently by two radiologists who were unaware of the results with the scanner. The results demonstrate that this method is not only suitable for clinical use but is as good as arteriography in defining both the location and extent of the arterial involvement.
TL;DR: Compared with previously reported comparisons between two different radiologists' readings of the same angiograms, duplex scanning had a sensitivity of 82, a specificity of 92, a positive predictive value of 80%, and a negative predictivevalue of 93%.
Abstract: We compared ultrasonic duplex scanning and angiography for the localization and classification of arterial stenoses and occlusions in 32 patients. The criteria for the detection of a greater than 50% diameter reducing stenosis was an increase in peak systolic velocity of greater than 100%, loss of reverse flow, and spectral broadening. Duplex studies and angiograms were evaluated in a blinded fashion. The agreement between duplex scanning and angiography for the 383 arterial segments studied was not significantly different than the previously reported agreement between two different radiologists reading the same angiograms (kappa of 0.55 vs 0.63). For detecting stenoses that were greater than 50% diameter reducing by angiography, duplex scanning had a sensitivity of 82%, a specificity of 92%, a positive predictive value of 80%, and a negative predictive value of 93%. These results are as good as previously reported comparisons between two different radiologists' readings of the same angiograms.
TL;DR: Progression of renal artery stenosis, as defined in this study, occurs at a rate of approximately 20% per year and is associated with a marked decrease in kidney length.