TL;DR: In this paper, a scenario-based comprehensive expansion planning (SCEP) approach for distribution systems is presented to cope with future uncertainties, which can not only take into account the initial investment and operation costs but also consider the expected adaptation cost to other future scenarios, and in this way the flexibility of an initial planning scheme can be achieved.
Abstract: Widespread utilization of plug-in electric vehicles (PEVs) would incur more uncertainties, and thus challenge the traditional planning strategies for distribution systems. In this paper, a scenario-based comprehensive expansion planning (SCEP) approach for distribution systems is presented to cope with future uncertainties. This approach can not only take into account the initial investment and operation costs but also consider the expected adaptation cost to other future scenarios, and in this way the flexibility of an initial planning scheme can be achieved. Future scenarios are identified in line with three uncertainties, namely the conventional load levels, penetration levels of PEVs and whether or not with successful implementation of a coordinated charging strategy. The charging profile for dump charging mode has been determined straightforwardly, while that for coordinated charging mode is obtained by solving the proposed day-ahead dispatching model (DDM). Furthermore, a priority-based real time dispatching strategy (PRTDS) is proposed to obtain direct charging instructions for PEVs, and thus to demonstrate the rationality of utilizing the charging profile acquired from DDM in distribution system expansion planning (DSEP). Finally, the performance of the proposed methodology is demonstrated by numerical studies.
TL;DR: In this article, the authors investigated the effects on the key power distribution system parameters like voltages, line drops, system losses etc. by integrating electric vehicles in the range of 0-50% of the cars with different charging capacities.
Abstract: Electric vehicles (EVs) are the most promising alternative to replace a significant amount of gasoline vehicles to provide cleaner, CO 2 free and climate friendly transportation. On integrating more electric vehicles, the electric utilities must analyse the related impacts on the electricity system operation. This paper investigates the effects on the key power distribution system parameters like voltages, line drops, system losses etc. by integrating electric vehicles in the range of 0-50% of the cars with different charging capacities. The dump as well as smart charging modes of electric vehicles is applied in this analysis. A typical Danish primary power distribution system is used as a test case for the studies. From the simulation results, not more than 10% of electric vehicles could be integrated in the test system for the dump charging mode. About 40% of electric vehicle loads could be accommodated in the network with the smart charging mode. The extent of integrating EVs in an area is constrained by the EV charging behavior and the safe operational limits of electricity system parameters.
TL;DR: In this article, the authors estimate charging profiles distinguishing between types of days, months and places of charging and conclude that charging profiles for workdays and not workdays, seasons and charging are significantly different and that the actual charging behaviour is more gradual than many studies assume for a dump charging behaviour and thus less problematic for peak demand.
TL;DR: In this article, the authors examined the large distribution power system of Greece with high integration of renewable energy resources (RES) and electrical vehicles (EV) using Probabilistic Load Flow (PLF) techniques.
Abstract: This paper exams the large distribution power system of Greece with high integration of Renewable Energy Resources (RES) and Electrical Vehicles (EV) using Probabilistic Load Flow (PLF) techniques. These techniques provide Cumulative Density Functions (CDF) of branch power flows, node voltages and active power line losses with large variations of RES and EV integration. When different charging strategies of EV (dump charging, dual tariff policy and mixed charging) take place then lead to significant uncertainty in node injections. In order to tackle this issue, it is adopted and enhanced PLF methods to cope with EV nodal loads. Two methods are investigated for the calculation of Probabilistic Density Function (PDF) of RES' production, Gram - Charlier (G-C) and Cornish Fisher (C-F). All the PLF results are compared with Monte Carlo (MC) method.
TL;DR: In this article, the authors compare various EV charging strategies at the UK national level in perspective to 2030 and 2040 targets, and show the benefits EVs could bring if their charging is intelligently controlled, resulting in a more positive impact on electricity distribution grids, a higher integration of renewable energy sources (RES) and lower CO2 emissions.
Abstract: In recent years, electric vehicles (EVs) are seen as an effective solution to the arising environmental and sustainability concerns related to the transportation sector. As opposed to conventional vehicles, EVs do not entail tailpipe emission of CO 2 and other ambient air pollutants and require lower operational cost. However, the benefits that EVs can bring highly depend on their charging strategy. Moreover, the ever-increasing deployment of EVs on a global scale, and their uncontrolled charging (currently predominant) requirements, can cause significant burden for national grids and local distribution networks. The solutions EV could bring depend on the adopted charging strategies, i.e. dump charging, smart charging or V2G. This paper compares various EV charging strategies at the UK national level in perspective to 2030 and 2040 targets. This study clearly shows the benefits EVs could bring if their charging is intelligently controlled, resulting in a more positive impact on electricity distribution grids, a higher integration of renewable energy sources (RES) and lower CO2 emissions.