Showing papers on "Dryopteris published in 2011"
TL;DR: A high potential is suggested of the combined use of rbcL and trnL-F as a two-locus cpDNA barcode for identification of fern species, which opens the way for answering a whole range of questions previously unaddressed in fern gametophyte ecology.
Abstract: Although consensus has now been reached on a general two-locus DNA barcode for land plants, the selected combination of markers (rbcL + matK) is not applicable for ferns at the moment. Yet especially for ferns, DNA barcoding is potentially of great value since fern gametophytes—while playing an essential role in fern colonization and reproduction—generally lack the morphological complexity for morphology-based identification and have therefore been underappreciated in ecological studies. We evaluated the potential of a combination of rbcL with a noncoding plastid marker, trnL-F, to obtain DNA-identifications for fern species. A regional approach was adopted, by creating a reference database of trusted rbcL and trnL-F sequences for the wild-occurring homosporous ferns of NW-Europe. A combination of parsimony analyses and distance-based analyses was performed to evaluate the discriminatory power of the two-region barcode. DNA was successfully extracted from 86 tiny fern gametophytes and was used as a test case for the performance of DNA-based identification. Primer universality proved high for both markers. Based on the combined rbcL + trnL-F dataset, all genera as well as all species with non-equal chloroplast genomes formed their own well supported monophyletic clade, indicating a high discriminatory power. Interspecific distances were larger than intraspecific distances for all tested taxa. Identification tests on gametophytes showed a comparable result. All test samples could be identified to genus level, species identification was well possible unless they belonged to a pair of Dryopteris species with completely identical chloroplast genomes. Our results suggest a high potential of the combined use of rbcL and trnL-F as a two-locus cpDNA barcode for identification of fern species. A regional approach may be preferred for ecological tests. We here offer such a ready-to-use barcoding approach for ferns, which opens the way for answering a whole range of questions previously unaddressed in fern gametophyte ecology.
132 citations
TL;DR: This study provides the first insight in the molecular phylogeny of the diploid D. fragrans, which shows major genetic variation within the only European population of the species.
Abstract: To test earlier hypotheses on the evolutionary origins of European polyploid Dryopteris, their phylogenetic rela- tionships are investigated using nuclear pgiC and plastid trnL-F sequence data. The nuclear pgiC region is for the first time used successfully in phylogenetic analyses of ferns, and is shown to provide appropriate variability to address species-level questions in Dryopteris. The trnL-F dataset is used to infer maternal relationships for the allopolyploid species and provides strong support for some of the smaller clades resolved by pgiC. Allopolyploid origins of Dryopteris carthusiana, D. cristata, and D. guanchica are supported and some, but not all, progenitors are indicated by the analyses. The results are in disagreement with the "D. semicristata" hypothesis proposed by several authors. The allopolyploid origin of D. crispifolia remained unresolved and allopolyploid origins of D. dilatata and D. filix-mas were unsupported. This study provides the first insight in the molecular phylogeny of the diploid D. fragrans, which shows major genetic variation within the only European population of the species.
51 citations
TL;DR: The ancient remedies effective against helminthiasis caused by fish tape worm, Diphyllobothrium latum, include the powdered rhizomes and extracts of dryopteris ferns which have had, and still have, a widespread use among the parasite infested populations.
Abstract: The ancient remedies effective against helminthiasis caused by fish tape worm, Diphyllobothrium latum, include the powdered rhizomes and extracts of dryopteris ferns which have had, and still have, a widespread use among the parasite infested populations. Extensive investigations in this field were started around the turn of the century by Boehm (1897, 1898, 1901a,b, 1903a-d) and resulted in the isolation of several dryopteris fern constituents as well as the resolution of the chemical structure of some of them. These studies have served as a basis for the current knowledge of the chemistry of dryopteris acylphloroglucinols. The basic chemical structure of the dryopteris constituents may be presented as a two-ring construction in which a butyrylfilicinic acid moiety (A-ring) is linked either to another similar moiety or to a Cor 0-methylated butyrylphloroglucinol moiety (B-ring), by means of a methylene bridge. Naturally occurring variations of this basic pattern include substitutions of the A-ring by an acylphloroglucinolic nucleus, enlargement of the molecule by additional acylphloroglucinol units to yield trimer or tetramer structures, substitution of the butyryl side-chain by an acetyl or propionyl homologue, and insertion of a pyrone ring structure instead of a phloroglucinolic one.
31 citations
TL;DR: Extracts, oils and some individual phloroglucinol compounds prepared from the fern Dryopteris dilatata and dryopteris filix‐mas were tested for taeniacidal activity against the dwarf tapeworm Hymenolepis nana.
Abstract: Extracts, oils and some individual phloroglucinol compounds prepared from the fern Dryopteris dilatata and Dryopteris filix-mas were tested for taeniacidal activity against the dwarf tapeworm Hymenolepis nana. In D. dilatata activity is concentrated in the phloroglucinol compounds (mainly aspidin, phloropyrone and aspidinol) of which aspidin is the most potent. In D. filix-mas the mixed phloroglucinol compounds (mainly flavaspidic acid and aspidinol) are active, but no more so than the total ether extract. Flavaspidic acid seems to be the most active phloroglucinol constituent of the fern. Desaspidin which occurs in a third fern, Dryopteris austriaca, is more potent than either aspidin or flavaspidic acid. A method of detecting phloroglucinol compounds by thin-layer chromatography is described.
19 citations
TL;DR: A review of the fern genera Dryopteris and Nothoperanema in Madagascar and neighbouring Indian Ocean islands, including Saint Paul, is presented and seven are considered endemic to the region.
Abstract: Roux J. P. 2011. — The fern genera Dryopteris and Nothoperanema (Dryopteridaceae) in Madagascar and neighbouring Indian Ocean islands, including Saint Paul. Adansonia, ser. 3, 33 (1) : 7-67.
8 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, four new acylphloroglucinols have been isolated from a diethyl ether extract of the rhizomes and roots of the fern Elaphoglossum lindbergii.
Abstract: Four new acylphloroglucinols have been isolated from a diethyl ether extract of the rhizomes and roots of the fern Elaphoglossum lindbergii . Their structures were elucidated by extensive analysis of spectroscopic data and comparison with those previously reported for other Elaphoglossum and Dryopteris acylphloroglucinols. These compounds showed mild antibacterial activity and altered biofilm formation of the Gram (+) bacterium Staphylococcus aureus at 100 µg/mL. Keywords: Acylphloroglucinols, Elaphoglossum lindbergii , antibacterial activity, biofilm formation Introduction In Argentina, the genus Elaphoglossum is represented by seven species: E. piloselloides (C. Presl) T. Moore, E. gayanum (Fee) T. Moore, E. yungense de la Sota, E. crassipes (Hieron.) Diels, E. lorentzii (Hieron.) H. Christ, E. lindbergii (Mett. ex Kuhn) Rosenst., and E. pachydermum (Fee) T. Moore. 1 Our previous chemical studies on E. piloselloides , E. gayanum , and E. yungense showed that all of them contain acylphloroglucinols in their scales, rhizomes, and roots.
8 citations
TL;DR: Spore size, germination time, numbers of trichomes, morphology of rhizoids, formation time of the gametangia and gametophyte margin shape were different among the studied species.
Abstract: The gametophyte morphology and development of eight Chinese species of Dryopteris (Dryopteridaceae) were studied and described Spores of all species were monolete and reniform The germination pattern was the Vittaria-type Germinal filaments were uniseriate, sometimes biseriate and the prothallial development was the Aspidium-type Adult gametophytes in culture were cordiform, elongate-cordiform to cordiform-reniform, having wings with marginal and superficial trichomes Gametangia belong to leptosporangiate fern type Spore size, germination time, numbers of trichomes, morphology of rhizoids, formation time of the gametangia and gametophyte margin shape were different among the studied species
6 citations
TL;DR: To find suitable indigenous substitutes for the official male fern, Dryopteris filix‐mas (L.) Schott, which has to be imported into India, fourteen species of dryopteris Adanson, two of Ctenitis C. Chr.
Abstract: To find suitable indigenous substitutes for the official male fern, Dryopteris filix-mas (L.) Schott, which has to be imported into India, fourteen species of Dryopteris Adanson, two of Ctenitis C. Chr. and one each of Hypodematium Kuhn and Cyrtomium Presl, have been assayed to determine the percentage of oleoresin and crude “filicin” in each. The studies have revealed that some of the Indian species have a far higher oleoresin and crude “filicin” content than the official drug. Only some species occur in abundance in nature; their pharmacological activity has not yet been assessed.
5 citations
TL;DR: Dryopteris ramosa is devoid of sclerotic nests while a few of these are present in the other species both in the rhizome as well as in the leaf bases, and compares very favourably in oleoresinous content and “crude filicin” with the official male fern.
Abstract: A taxonomic description, and the macroscopy and microscopy of the rhizome and leaf bases of Dryopteris ramosa (Hope) C. Chr. and D. chrysocoma (Christ) C. Chr. are given. Both the species compare very favourably in oleoresinous content and “crude filicin” with the official male fern. Because of their abundance in nature they could be commercially exploited. Like the official male fern, both the species possess schizogenous cavities in the ground tissue with internal glands. D. ramosa is devoid of sclerotic nests while a few of these are present in the other species both in the rhizome as well as in the leaf bases.
3 citations
1 Jan 2011
TL;DR: The HPLC with precolumn derivation could be used to determine amino acid content in fern samples and showed that the samples of 5 tested fern species all contained low amino acids, and the amino Acid content in Arachniodes amoena was only 1.74%.
Abstract: The amino acid content in Cytomium macrophyllum Tagawa,Dryopteris hwangshanensis Ching,Woodwardia japonica(L.f.)Sm.,Arachniodes amoena(Ching)Ching and Osmunda japonica Thunb.was determined by HPLC with precolumn derivation.As these samples contained low protein,the determination could be done by increased the biological sample,and by HPLC with gradient elution.The results showed that the samples of 5 tested fern species all contained low amino acids,and the amino acid content in Arachniodes amoena was only 1.74%.There was a little difference of content of the amino acids in these ferns,but methionine.For example,there was 0.035%,the highest content of methionine in Osmunda japonica but few in Dryopteris hwangshanensis Ching.The HPLC with precolumn derivation could be used to determine amino acid content in fern samples.
1 citations
1 Jan 2011
TL;DR: The observation revealed that 0.16% (a.i.) v/w dose level of Dryopteris filix-mas caused 100% larval mortality indicating absolute toxicity to the pest.
Abstract: Laboratory studies on the larvicidal and pupicidal effects of Dryopteris filix-mas (root and rhizome) aqueous extract was made on the third instar larvae of Corcyra cephalonica (Staint.). The observation revealed that 0.16% (a.i.) v/w dose level of Dryopteris filix-mas caused 100% larval mortality indicating absolute toxicity to the pest.
1 Jan 2011
TL;DR: The antimicrobial activities of some ethno-medicinally important ferns which were very common in West Mednapore District, as well as South West Bengal, against gram-positive and gramnegative bacterial pathogens were studied.
Abstract: In this research, the occurrences of antimicrobial activity of some ferns were studied. The present paper dealt with the antimicrobial activities of some ethno-medicinally important ferns which were very common in West Mednapore District, as well as South West Bengal, against gram-positive and gramnegative bacterial pathogens. The plants were extracted with different solvents (70% ethanol, methanol and acetone) and controlled by deionized water (DW). Our experiment revealed significant results like Dryopteris, which showed remarkable antimicrobial activities among all the selected ferns.