DRYAD

Abstract: In an authentication method between an IC card and a terminal unit, authentication is performed without an authentication code or an address therefor being transmitted directly between the two devices so as to assure the security of the authentication operation. Both of the IC card and the terminal unit include multiple authentication codes each code having a corresponding time data item, and an encryption algorithm. In one of the IC card and the terminal unit, one of the authentication codes is selected, and the selected authentication code is encrypted according to the encryption algorithm. The encrypted authentication code is transmitted to the other device as authentication data. The time data corresponding to the selected authentication code is transmitted to the other device as a time interval between commands or signals. In the other device, the authentication code obtained from the time data is encrypted according to the encryption algorithm to generate authentication data. The generated authentication data is compared with the authentication data sent from the other device.

Abstract: Data supporting this study and R code to generate graphs and analyses are available in the Dryad Digital Repository: https://dxdoiorg/105061/dryad1rn8pk0s0 [54]

Abstract: For over a decade now we have been witnessing the success of massive parallel computation frameworks, such as MapReduce, Hadoop, Dryad, or Spark. Compared to the classic distributed algorithms or P...

Abstract: The ubiquitous nature of computers is driving a massive increase in the amount of data generated by humans and machines. Two natural consequences of this are the increased efforts to (a) derive meaningful information from accumulated data and (b) ensure that data is not used for unintended purposes. In the direction of analyzing massive amounts of data (a.), tools like MapReduce, Spark, Dryad and higher level scripting languages like Pig Latin and DryadLINQ have significantly improved corresponding tasks for software developers. The second, but equally important aspect of ensuring confidentiality (b.), has seen little support emerge for programmers: while advances in cryptographic techniques allow us to process directly on encrypted data, programmer-friendly and efficient ways of programming such data analysis jobs are still missing. This paper presents novel data flow analyses and program transformations for Pig Latin, that automatically enable the execution of corresponding scripts on encrypted data. We avoid fully homomorphic encryption because of its prohibitively high cost; instead, in some cases, we rely on a minimal set of operations performed by the client. We present the algorithms used for this translation, and empirically demonstrate the practical performance of our approach as well as improvements for programmers in terms of the effort required to preserve data confidentiality.