Drum heater

Abstract: PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To always form a stable image without a drum heater by using a toner contg. specified amts. of fine silica powder and a polishing-cleaning particle each having a specified volume resistivity and a specified particle diameter. SOLUTION: This toner contains 0.3-2wt.% fine silica powder and 0.3-5wt.% polishing-cleaning particles each having 10 -10 Ωcm volume resistivity and a particle diameter 2-100 times, preferably 3-50 times the average particle diameter of this toner. Even when an amorphous silicon photoreceptor is used, the deteriorated surface of the photoreceptor can be moderately polished and cleaned and a stable image is always formed without using a drum heater. The fine silica particle is hydrophobic silica having <=100nm primary particle diameter.

Abstract: Aspects of the invention can include an internal heating system for an image transfer drum that can include a box having a plurality of sides, an open side facing the drum (14) and a heater element (100,200,400,500). The box can have small gaps between it and the internal drum surface to maximize thermal efficiency of the internal heating system. The heater element can include first and second support structures (201,202) that are disposed on a central support structure, the first support structure having an end connector (208) at one side away from the second support structure. Further, a first coil (203b) can be formed around the first support structure, and a second coil (203a) can be formed around the second support structure and one end of the second coil can be coupled by an electrical line that extends within the central support structure through the second support structure towards the end connector. The heater element can alternatively include a support structure, an electrical wire wound in a coil around the support structure and electrical terminals extending away from the support structure connected to the coil by a fastener (507). The heater system can also include at least two circuits, two channels and a relay switch, with the relay switch (606) operating to switch the circuits into a series or parallel electrical configuration.

Abstract: PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To reduce the power consumption of a device by optimizing a heater control at the time of using a drum heater as a condensation preventive device, in a copying machine placed under such the environment as a cold area SOLUTION: One drum heater 19 is controlled by two controlling means of a means (a first heater control board 25) for controlling the heater 19 by the output of the temp sensor 24 in accordance with the temp of photoreceptor 11 and a means (a second heater control board 20) for controlling the drum heater 19 by detecting dew condensation state of the photoreceptor drum by using a sensor 21 catching the change of the surface state of an object by availing polarization light So long as the dew condensation is not caused, or so long as it is not becoming the condition right before the dew condensation, the heater 19 is not energized

Abstract: A waterless toilet includes a urine/feces separation device, a transport conveyor, and a drier drum inside a casing The urine/feces separation device includes rotary plates and fixed plates The rotary plates are substantially triangular Each fixed plate is provided between a pair of adjacent rotary plates The transport conveyor has an endless belt wound around a driver roller and a driven roller The drier drum includes drum main bodies and a drum heater The drum main bodies are constructed like a metal net and supported in such a manner as to be freely rotatable A first receptacle is provided below the urine/feces separation device to collect urine The collected urine is heated and vaporized by a heater Dried, solid waste is collected in a second receptacle below the drier drum and further dried by the heater