Dissipator

Abstract: The stepped spillway has increasingly become and effective energy dissipator. When the hydraulic performance of the overflow is clearly known, the energy dissipation could be increased. However, the study of stepped spillway overflow has been based only on model tests until now. In this paper, the \ik-ϵ turbulence model is used to simulate the complex turbulence overflow. The unstructured grid is used to fit the irregular boundaries and the volume of fluid method is introduced to solve the complex free-surface problem. The free surface, velocities, and pressures on the stepped spillway are obtained by the turbulence numerical simulation. Furthermore, the simulation results compare well with measured data. The study indicates that the turbulence numerical simulation is an efficient and useful method for the complex stepped spillway overflow.

Abstract: This paper describes the mechanical operation and presents parametric studies for the Energy Dissipating Restraint (EDR). The EDR is a strongly self‐centering passive friction‐based seismic energy dissipator with a wide range of hysteretic behaviors. In the behaviors of most interest in seismic design, the slip load is proportional to displacement. Typically the EDR would be installed in a building as part of the bracing system which resists seismically induced lateral forces.

Abstract: A heat dissipator includes a dissipator body having a flat base adapted to be placed on a CPU and a plurality of fins formed thereon. Air passages are defined between the fins. A holding frame made of a resilient material, such as plastics, is provided, comprising two resiliently deformable securing arms mounted to two opposite sides thereof. Each of the securing arms has a central bore to receive and fix therein a retaining plate which has a lower openings located outside the securing arm to engage a sideways lug formed on a CPU connector on which the CPU is mounted so as to secure the CPU on the connector. A convection fan is integrally incorporated in the holding frame. The retaining plates may be provided with apertures which allow the plastics to fill therein in injection molding the holding frame so as to securely fix the retaining plates within the bores of the securing arms. Leaf springs are provided between the dissipator body and the holding frame to provide a more secure engagement between the retaining plates and the sideways lugs of the connector. Catches are provided on the underside of the holding frame and counterpart members are provided on the dissipator for engagement with the catches and securing the holding frame to the dissipator body.

Abstract: Extensions to the conventional method of characteristics allow transient conditions in simple pipe networks to be efficiently calculated. In particular, treating both boundary conditions and network topology in a general and comprehensive fashion simplifies the solution of many combinations of hydraulic devices. The algebraic framework presented includes a flexible integration of the friction loss term that reduces to previous linear approximations as special cases. In addition, an explicit algorithm is derived for a general hydraulic element called an external energy dissipator. This boundary condition conveniently represents surge tanks, relief valves, storage reservoirs, valves discharging to the atmosphere, and many other common devices. Significantly, the solution remains explicit even if friction losses and inertia effects are present in both the storage element and a connecting pipe. This comprehensive approach to transient analysis simplifies control logic, encourages accurate reporting of field data, and improves execution times. The procedure is illustrated by analyzing transient conditions in a small network containing a variety of devices.