Difluoride

Abstract: The high-polarity β-phase poly(vinylidene difluoride) (β-PVDF), which has all trans conformation with F and H atoms located on the opposite sides of the polymer backbone, is demonstrated to be a promising artificial solid-electrolyte interphase coating on both Cu and Li metal anodes for dendrite-free Li deposition/stripping and enhanced cycling performance. A thin (≈4 µm) β-PVDF coating on Cu enables uniform Li deposition/stripping at high current densities up to 5 mA cm−2, Li-plating capacity loadings of up to 4 mAh cm−2, and excellent cycling stability over hundreds of cycles under practical conditions (1 mA cm−2 with 2 mAh cm−2). Full cells containing an LiFePO4 cathode and an anode of either β-PVDF coated Cu or Li also exhibit excellent cycling stability. The profound effects of the high-polarity PVDF coating on dendrite suppression are attributed to the electronegative F-rich interface that favors layer-by-layer Li deposition. This study offers a new strategy for the development of dendrite-free metal anode technology.

Abstract: This invention relates to derivatives of dipyrrometheneboron difluoride fluorescent dyes that have an absorption maximum at wavelengths longer than about 525 nm, and are chemically reactive with nucleic acids, proteins, carbohydrates, and other bio-logically derived or synthetic chemical materials. The dyes generally have structure (I), wherein at least one of the substituents R1-R7, is a reactive functional group, and at least one of the substituents R1-R7 contains a bathochromic moiety. The ba-thochromic moiety is an unsaturated organic group, preferably heteroaryl or alkenyl. The remaining substituents, which may be the same or different, are hydrogen, halogen, alkyl (containing 1-5 carbon atoms), aryl, arylalkyl, or sulfo. The dyes are used to make novel conjugates with members of specific binding pairs that are ligands or receptors.

Abstract: Novel fluorescent dyes based on the dipyrrometheneboron difluoride structure are provided The new reagents contain functional groups capable of forming a stable fluorescent product with functional groups typically found in biomolecules or polymers including amines, phenols, thiols, acids, aldehydes and ketones Reactive groups in the dipyrrometheneboron difluoride dyes include activated esters, isocyanates, amines, hydrazines, sulfonyl halides, acids, aldehydes, alcohols and haloacetamides The products are detected by their absorbance or fluorescence properties The spectral properties of the fluorescent dyes are sufficiently similar in wavelengths and intensity to fluorescein as to permit use of the same euqipment The dyes, however, have narrower spectral bandwidths than fluorescein, do not show appreciable sensitivity to pH, have higher solubility in non-polar solvents and have improved photostability