TL;DR: A new genus and species of the herbivorous Diadectidae, Orobates pabsti, is described on the basis of several specimens, including two complete, articulated skeletons, a skull with partial postcranium, a partial skull, and a dentigerous jaw fragment from the Tambach Formation, Germany.
Abstract: A new genus and species of the herbivorous Diadectidae, Orobates pabsti, is described on the basis of several specimens, including two complete, articulated skeletons, a skull with partial postcranium, a partial skull, and a dentigerous jaw fragment. All were collected from the Lower Permian (Wolfcampian) Tambach Formation, lowermost formational unit of the Upper Rotliegend of the Bromacker quarry locality in the midregion of the Thuringian Forest near Gotha, central Germany. A combination of autapomorphic and plesiomorphic character states clearly distinguishes O. pabsti from all other well-known members of Diadectidae and identifies it as the sister taxon to all other diadectids. The description of Orobates pabsti expands further our understanding of the Late Pennsylvanian-Early Permian Diadectidae and records the earliest specialization of tetrapods to high-fiber herbivory. On the basis of paleobiological and paleoenvironmental data only one other Early Permian locality is comparable to the Br...
TL;DR: The results support a gradual increase in taxic diversity from the Late Carboniferous to the Wordian, followed by a dip in diversity during the Guadalupian (Middle Permian), and an increase to a peak in the Late Permians at the Wuchiapingian/Changhsingian boundary.
TL;DR: The origin of amniotes must have begun by the middle of Pennsylvanian or earlier as discussed by the authors, which led to a primitive amniote bauplan exemplified by the small, presumably insectivorous members of the Protothyrididae family.
Abstract: The origin of amniotes must have begun by the middle of Pennsylvanian or earlier. The past three decades have seen a revolution in the way terrestrial vertebrate fossils are studied. Studies by Carroll have proposed a transitional sequence of taxa that included gephyrostegids and soleonodonsaurids, which led to a primitive amniote bauplan exemplified by the small, presumably insectivorous members of the Protothyrididae family. Most of the authors consider Diadectomorpha and Seymouriamorpha to be successively more distant outgroups to the Amniota. In most recent works, the Seymouriamorpha has always been considered to be a stem Amniote group and no evidence exists for their inclusion within the Amnoita. Despite minor differences in recent phylogenetic analyses, the phylogenetic relationships and biogeographic distributions of the following taxa are considered by all to be critical to an understanding of the origin of Amniotes. In several papers describing the vertebrates and sediments of the commonly referred early Permian red-bed deposits of New Mexico, particularly the lowermost levels of the Cutler Formation, the somewhat ambiguous age of Permo-Carboniferous has been applied. It is noteworthy that only one theraspid has been reported from the early Permian called the enigmatic Tetraceratops of North-Central Texas.