TL;DR: The present data obviously indicate that the primitive desmocranium of the chick embryo, which is usually known to be formed by intramembranous ossification, consists first of chondroid tissue, which represents the initial modality of skeletogenic differentiation within the cephalic mesenchyme of the cranial vault.
Abstract: The calcified tissues involved in the early morphogenesis of the cranial vault were studied by microradiographic analysis and histological techniques in 12 chick embryos on the 9th, 12th, and 14th days of incubation. On the 9th day, the frontal, parietal, and squamosal bones are comprised of a thin lamina of chondroid tissue deposited at a short distance from the fibers of the dura mater. Woven bone formation takes place in the calvarial mesenchyme only after the 12th day of incubation and occurs mainly on the external side of the chondroid primordium. The present data obviously indicate that the primitive desmocranium of the chick embryo, which is usually known to be formed by intramembranous ossification, consists first of chondroid tissue. This tissue represents thus the initial modality of skeletogenic differentiation within the cephalic mesenchyme of the cranial vault.
TL;DR: The skull derives from two different origins: first, from ossification of the cartilaginous skull (bones of the skull base), and second, from direct bone formation in the membranous skull
Abstract: The cranial skeleton develops in three stages: the membranous stage (desmocranium), the cartilaginous stage (chondrocranium), and the stage of ossification (osteocranium). This development begins at the paraxial mesoderm, which envelopes the cranial end of the notochord (Arey 1965). The skull derives from two different origins: first, from ossification of the cartilaginous skull (bones of the skull base), and second, from direct bone formation in the membranous skull (bones of the skull vault). In fact, the pterygoid processes and the greater wings of the sphenoid have a composite origin, both cartilaginous and membranous.