Descriptive statistics

Abstract: Introduction to Biostatistics Descriptive Statistics Some Basic Probability Concepts Probability Distributions Some Important Sampling Distributions Estimation Hypothesis Testing Analysis of Variance Simple Linear Regression and Correlation Multiple Regression and Correlation Regression Analysis - Some Additional Techniques The Chi-Square Distribution and the Analysis of Frequencies Nonparametric and Distribution-Free Statistics Vital Statistics.

Abstract: Getting started: why study satistics? basic concepts and ideas. Descriptive statistics: frequency distributions and graphs summary measures relative measures and the normal curve linear correlation linear regression. Concepts of inferential statistics: sampling distributions logic of hypothesis testing. Methods of inferential statistics: one-sample t statistic - when a t ratio is not practical two-sample t tests analysis of variance two-way analysis of variance repeated-measures analysis of variance nonparametric tests bringing it all together. Appendices: statistical tables answers to selected review questions computer applications of statistics.

Abstract: Figures, Tables, Exhibits, and Worksheets. Preface. The Authors. PART ONE: DEVELOPING AND ADMINISTERING QUESTIONNAIRES. 1. An Overview of the Sample Survey Process. 2. Designing Effective Questionnaires: Basic Guidelines. 3. Developing Survey Questions. 4. Utilizing Focus Groups in the Survey Research Process. PART TWO: ENSURING SCIENTIFIC ACCURACY. 5. Descriptive Statistics: Measures of Central Tendency and Dispersion. 6. The Theoretical Basis of Sampling. 7. Confidence Intervals and Basic Hypothesis Testing. 8. Determining the Sample Size. 9. Selecting a Representative Sample. PART THREE: PRESENTING AND ANALYZING SURVEY RESULTS. 10. Analyzing Cross-Tabulated Data. 11. Testing the Difference Between Means. 12. Regression and Correlation. 13. Preparing an Effective Final Report. Resource A: Table of Areas of a Standard Normal Distribution. Resource B: Glossary. Resource C: Answers to Selected Exercises. Bibliography. Index.

Abstract: This new database of indicators of financial development and structure across countries and over time unites a range of indicators that measure the size, activity, and efficiency of financial intermediaries and markets. Beck, Demirguc-Kunt, and Levine introduce a new database of indicators of financial development and structure across countries and over time. This database is unique in that it unites a variety of indicators that measure the size, activity, and efficiency of financial intermediaries and markets. It improves on previous efforts by presenting data on the public share of commercial banks, by introducing indicators of the size and activity of nonbank financial institutions, and by presenting measures of the size of bond and primary equity markets. The compiled data permit the construction of financial structure indicators to measure whether, for example, a country's banks are larger, more active, and more efficient than its stock markets. These indicators can then be used to investigate the empirical link between the legal, regulatory, and policy environment and indicators of financial structure. They can also be used to analyze the implications of financial structure for economic growth. Beck, Demirguc-Kunt, and Levine describe the sources and construction of, and the intuition behind, different indicators and present descriptive statistics. This paper - a product of Finance, Development Research Group - is part of a broader effort in the group to understand the determinants of financial structure and its importance to economic development. The authors may be contacted at tbeck@worldbank.org, ademirguckunt@worldbank.org, or rlevine@csom.umn.edu.