Dependent clause

Abstract: PART I:WRITING A PARAGRAPH Chapter 1: Paragraph Structure The Three Parts of a Paragraph The Topic Sentence Position of Topic Sentences The Two Parts of a Topic Sentence Supporting Sentences The Concluding Sentence Review Writing Practice Chapter 2: Unity and Coherence Unity Coherence Repetition of Key Nouns Key Noun Substitutes Consistent Pronouns Transition Signals Logical Order Review Writing Practice Chapter 3: Supporting Details: Facts, Quotations, and Statistics Facts versus Opinions Using Outside Sources Plagiarism Citing Sources Quotations Direct Quotations Reporting Verbs and Phrases Punctuating Direct Quotations Indirect Quotations Writing Practice Statistics Writing Practice Review PART II:WRITING AN ESSAY Chapter 4: From Paragraph to Essay The Three Parts of an Essay The Introductory Paragraph Funnel Introduction Attention-Getting Introduction Thesis Statement Body Paragraphs Logical Division of Ideas Thesis Statements for Logical Division of Ideas Thesis Statement Pitfalls Transition Signals between Paragraphs The Concluding Paragraph Essay Outlining Review Writing Practice Applying What You Have Learned Reading Questions Suggestions for Discussion or Writing Chapter 5: Chronological Order: Process Essays Thesis Statements for a Process Essay Transition Signals for Chronological Order Review Writing Practice Applying What You Have Learned Reading1 Questions Suggestions for Discussion or Writing Reading2 Questions Suggestions for Discussion or Writing Chapter 6: Cause/Effect Essays Organization for Cause/Effect Order Block Organization Chain Organization Cause/Effect Signal Words and Phrases Cause Signal Words Effect Signal Words Review Writing Practice Applying What You Have Learned Reading Questions Suggestions for Discussion or Writing Chapter 7: Comparison/Contrast Essays Organization of Comparison/Contrast Essays Point-by-Point Organization Block Organization Comparison and Contrast Signal Words Comparison Signal Words Contrast Signal Words Review Writing Practice Applying What You Have Learned Reading Questions Suggestions for Discussion or Writing Chapter 8 Paraphrase and Summary Paraphrasing Plagiarism Using Paraphrases as Support Summarizing Review Chapter 9: Argumentative Essays Organization of Argumentative Essays The Introductory Paragraph Thesis Statement Review Writing Practice Applying What You Have Learned Topic 1, Reading 1 Questions Topic 1, Reading 2 Questions Topic 2, Reading 1 Questions Topic 2, Reading 2 Questions PART III: SENTENCE STRUCTURE Chapter 10: Types of Sentences Clauses Independent Clauses Dependent Clauses Kinds of Sentences Simple Sentence Compound Sentences Complex Sentences Compound-Complex Sentences Sentence Types and Writing Style Review Chapter 11: Using Parallel Structures and Fixing Sentence Problems Parallelism Parallelism with Coordinators: And, Or, But Parallelism with Correlative (Paired) Conjunctions Sentence Problems Sentence Fragments Choppy Sentences Run-On Sentences and Comma Splices Stringy Sentences Review Editing Practice Chapter 12: Noun Clauses That Clauses Sentences Beginning with It Special Verb Tenses in That Clauses If /Whether Clauses Question Clauses Review Editing Practice Writing Practice Chapter 13: Adverb Clauses Kinds of Adverb Clauses Punctuation of Adverb Clauses Time Clauses Place Clauses Distance, Frequency, and Manner Clauses Reason Clauses Result Clauses Purpose Clauses Contrast Clauses Direct Opposition Clauses Concession (Unexpected Result) Clauses Conditional Clauses Review Editing Practice Writing Practice Chapter 14: Adjective Clauses Relative Pronouns and Adverbs Position of Adjective Clauses Verb Agreement in Adjective Clauses Kinds of Adjective Clauses Relative Pronouns as Subjects Relative Pronouns as Objects Possessive Adjective Clauses Relative Pronouns as Objects of Prepositions Relative Pronouns in Phrases of Quantity and Quality Adjective Clauses of Time and Place Review Editing Practice Writing Practice Chapter 15: Participial Phrases Participles Participial Phrases Reduced Adjective Clauses Position and Punctuation of Participial Phrases General Form -ing Participial Phrases General Form -ed Participial Phrases Perfect Form Participial Phrases Participial Phrases and Writing Style Reduced Adverb Clauses Review Editing Practice Writing Practice Appendix A: The Process of Academic Writing The Writing Process, Step 1: Creating (Prewriting) The Writing Process, Step 2: Planning (Outlining) The Writing Process, Step 3: Writing The Writing Process, Step 4: Polishing Editing Practice Appendix B: Punctuation Rules Commas Semicolons Colons Quotation Marks Editing Practice Appendix C: Charts of Connecting Words and Transition Signals Coordinating Words Subordinating Words Conjunctive Adverbs Transition Signals Appendix D: Editing Symbols Appendix E: Research and Documentation of Sources Types of Sources Evaluating Sources Documentation of Sources In-Text Citations Works-Cited Lists Appendix F: Self-Editing and Peer-Editing Worksheets Scoring Rubrics

Abstract: Sadock and Zwicky (1985) define clause types as a pairing of grammatical form and conversational use.' In this paper we discuss exclamatives within the context of this notion of clause type. We argue that exclamatives are not a purely semantic or pragmatic category expressed by a variety of unrelated syntactic forms; rather, the diverse realizations of exclamatives all share certain syntactic characteristics. These represent the defining semantic properties of this clause type. Thus, ours is a study of the syntaxlsemantic interface and its application to the study of exclamatives, and to the notion of clause types more generally. The syntactic part of our claim is both interesting and difficult because of the diversity of forms which are plausibly to be categorized as exclamatives. Consider, for example:

Abstract: Based on a corpus of conversational English, I argue that the standard view of complements as subordinate clauses in a grammatical relation with a complement-taking predicate is not supported by the data. Rather, what has been described under the heading of complementation can be understood in terms of epistemic/evidential/evaluative formulaic fragments expressing speaker stance toward the content of a clause. This analysis, in which CTPs and their subjects are stored and retrieved as formulaic stance markers accounts for the grammatical, pragmatic, prosodic, and phonological data more satisfactorily than a complementation analysis.