Topic
Demethylation
About: Demethylation is a research topic. Over the lifetime, 2801 publications have been published within this topic receiving 86236 citations. The topic is also known as: GO:0070988.
Papers published on a yearly basis
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Papers
TL;DR: Methylation, oxidation and repair now offer a model for a complete cycle of dynamic cytosine modification, with mounting evidence for its significance in the biological processes known to involve active demethylation.
Abstract: DNA methylation has a profound impact on genome stability, transcription and development. Although enzymes that catalyse DNA methylation have been well characterized, those that are involved in methyl group removal have remained elusive, until recently. The transformative discovery that ten-eleven translocation (TET) family enzymes can oxidize 5-methylcytosine has greatly advanced our understanding of DNA demethylation. 5-Hydroxymethylcytosine is a key nexus in demethylation that can either be passively depleted through DNA replication or actively reverted to cytosine through iterative oxidation and thymine DNA glycosylase (TDG)-mediated base excision repair. Methylation, oxidation and repair now offer a model for a complete cycle of dynamic cytosine modification, with mounting evidence for its significance in the biological processes known to involve active demethylation.
1,597 citations
TL;DR: This study suggests a TET1-induced oxidation-deamination mechanism for active DNA demethylation in mammals.
1,426 citations
TL;DR: Recent advances in biochemical and structural studies have revealed mechanistic insights into how TET and TDG mediate active DNA demethylation and many regulatory mechanisms of this process have been identified.
Abstract: A key mode of regulating DNA methylation is through active demethylation driven by TET-mediated oxidation of 5-methylcytosine (5mC). This Review discusses our latest understanding of the mechanisms and regulation of active DNA demethylation, and the roles of active demethylation (and the oxidized 5mC intermediates) in gene regulation, genome stability, development and disease.
1,383 citations
TL;DR: This is the first complete and detailed analysis of the epigenetic reprogramming cycle during preimplantation development and shows that demethylation of the male pronucleus is completed within 4 h of fertilisation.
1,311 citations
TL;DR: Mouse embryos undergo genome-wide methylation reprogramming by demethylation in early preimplantation development, followed by remethylation thereafter, and it is shown that epigenetic reprograming occurs aberrantly in most cloned embryos.
Abstract: Mouse embryos undergo genome-wide methylation reprogramming by demethylation in early preimplantation development, followed by remethylation thereafter. Here we show that genome-wide reprogramming is conserved in several mammalian species and ask whether it also occurs in embryos cloned with the use of highly methylated somatic donor nuclei. Normal bovine, rat, and pig zygotes showed a demethylated paternal genome, suggesting active demethylation. In bovine embryos methylation was further reduced during cleavage up to the eight-cell stage, and this reduction in methylation was followed by de novo methylation by the 16-cell stage. In cloned one-cell embryos there was a reduction in methylation consistent with active demethylation, but no further demethylation occurred subsequently. Instead, de novo methylation and nuclear reorganization of methylation patterns resembling those of differentiated cells occurred precociously in many cloned embryos. Cloned, but not normal, morulae had highly methylated nuclei in all blastomeres that resembled those of the fibroblast donor cells. Our study shows that epigenetic reprogramming occurs aberrantly in most cloned embryos; incomplete reprogramming may contribute to the low efficiency of cloning.
1,043 citations
Related Topics (5)
Performance Metrics
| Year | Papers |
|---|---|
| 2025 | 68 |
| 2024 | 168 |
| 2023 | 222 |
| 2022 | 227 |
| 2021 | 79 |
| 2020 | 85 |