TL;DR: In this paper, a model based on n-ary relations, a normal form for data base relations, and the concept of a universal data sublanguage are introduced, and certain operations on relations are discussed and applied to the problems of redundancy and consistency in the user's model.
Abstract: Future users of large data banks must be protected from having to know how the data is organized in the machine (the internal representation). A prompting service which supplies such information is not a satisfactory solution. Activities of users at terminals and most application programs should remain unaffected when the internal representation of data is changed and even when some aspects of the external representation are changed. Changes in data representation will often be needed as a result of changes in query, update, and report traffic and natural growth in the types of stored information. Existing noninferential, formatted data systems provide users with tree-structured files or slightly more general network models of the data. In Section 1, inadequacies of these models are discussed. A model based on n-ary relations, a normal form for data base relations, and the concept of a universal data sublanguage are introduced. In Section 2, certain operations on relations (other than logical inference) are discussed and applied to the problems of redundancy and consistency in the user's model.
TL;DR: Big Data describes a scalable, easy to understand approach to big data systems that can be built and run by a small team that takes advantage of clustered hardware along with new tools designed specifically to capture and analyze web-scale data.
Abstract: Services like social networks, web analytics, and intelligent e-commerce often need to manage data at a scale too big for a traditional database As scale and demand increase, so does Complexity Fortunately, scalability and simplicity are not mutually exclusiverather than using some trendy technology, a different approach is needed Big data systems use many machines working in parallel to store and process data, which introduces fundamental challenges unfamiliar to most developers Big Data shows how to build these systems using an architecture that takes advantage of clustered hardware along with new tools designed specifically to capture and analyze web-scale data It describes a scalable, easy to understand approach to big data systems that can be built and run by a small team Following a realistic example, this book guides readers through the theory of big data systems, how to use them in practice, and how to deploy and operate them once they're built Purchase of the print book comes with an offer of a free PDF, ePub, and Kindle eBook from Manning Also available is all code from the book
TL;DR: An overview of the wireless data field is presented, emphasizing three major elements: technologies utilized in existing and currently planned wireless data services, issues related to the performance of these systems, and discernible trends in the continuing development of wireless data systems.
Abstract: Wireless data services and systems represent a rapidly growing and increasingly important segment of the communications industry. In the paper the authors present an overview of this field, emphasizing three major elements: (1) technologies utilized in existing and currently planned wireless data services, (2) issues related to the performance of these systems, and (3) discernible trends in the continuing development of wireless data systems. While the wireless data industry is becoming increasingly diverse and fragmented, one can identify a few mainstreams which relate directly to users requirement for data services. On one hand, there are requirements for relatively low-speed data services supporting mobile users over wide geographical areas, as provided by mobile data networks. On the other hand, there are requirements for high-speed data services in local areas, as provided by wireless LANs. The system-level issues are somewhat different for these two categories of services, and this has led to different technology choices in the two domains, which the authors discuss in the paper. >
TL;DR: The CDDIS data system and its archive have become increasingly important to many national and international science communities, particularly several of the operational services within the International Association of Geodesy and its observing system.
TL;DR: In this article, a method and system is provided to review and control clinical data quality in the reporting of hospital claims data, and a variety of summary reports are generated to identify systematic problems in data quality and to assess the success of the data correction process.
Abstract: A method and system is provided to review and control clinical data quality in the reporting of hospital claims data. The method and system perform data quality checks and generate turn-around documents that establish communications between coders and physicians in order to obtain the best description of a case for reporting purposes. The system provides file security and tracks cases through the entire review process to final reporting. Patient data and system performance data are aggregated into a common data base. From this integrated data base, a variety of summary reports are generated to identify systematic problems in data quality and to assess the success of the data correction process. The system interfaces with existing data systems to optimize the performance efficiency of a total health information system functioning within a hospital or within third-party claims review organizations including payers of hospital claims.