TL;DR: Evidence is presented indicating that the biochemical machinery exists for oxidative cross‐linking to ensue in the wound‐healing process of D. vermicularis and new evidence supports the hypothesis that the second phase of wound repair is based on the activation of an oxidative burst that produces micromolar H2O2 levels.
Abstract: We investigated the kinetics and composition of the second phase of the wound repair process of Dasycladus vermicularis ([Scropoli] Krasser) using fluorescent probes, chromatography, UV spectroscopy, and histochemistry. Our new evidence supports the hypothesis that the second phase of wound repair (initiated at approximately 35-45 min post-injury) is based on the activation of an oxidative burst that produces micromolar H 2 O 2 levels. These results provide evidence of peroxidase activity at the wound site, real-time measurements of an oxidative burst, and catechol localization in wound plugs. Strong evidence is presented indicating that the biochemical machinery exists for oxidative cross-linking to ensue in the wound-healing process of D. vermicularis.
TL;DR: The results indicate that nucleotides released from wounds can serve as a signal to trigger wound responses in algae, and that coordinated signaling between extracellular nucleotide and the NO pathway may have been established early during the evolution of plants.
Abstract: As assayed by fluorescent reporter dyes, nitric oxide (NO) and H2 O2 , two downstream signaling agents induced by wounding in the alga Dasycladus vermicularis (Scop.) Krasser, can also be induced in unwounded Dasycladus cells by μM Adenosine 5'[γ-thio]triphosphate (ATPγS) and Adenosine 5'-[β-thio]diphosphate (ADPβS), but not by Adenosine 5'-O-thiomonophosphate (AMPS). These nucleotide-induced responses are blocked by pyridoxalphosphate-6-azophenyl-2',4'-disulphonic acid (PPADS), an antagonist of animal purinoceptors, and by adenosine, a feed-back inhibitor of extracellular nucleotide responses in animals. Similar nucleotide- and nucleotide-antagonist responses were observed in Acetabularia acetabulum (L.) P. C. Silva. Significant levels of ATP released from Dasycladus cells were measured at wound sites by a sensitive luciferin-luciferase assay. Additionally, the normal wound-induced production of NO and H2 O2 in Dasycladus can be blocked by pretreating the cells with PPADS. Our results indicate that nucleotides released from wounds can serve as a signal to trigger wound responses in algae, and that coordinated signaling between extracellular nucleotides and the NO pathway may have been established early during the evolution of plants.
TL;DR: In this article, the geographical distribution of some fossil algal records (Chlorophyta: Dasycladales and Caulerpales) from the Upper Triassic onwards, in the light of post-Pangaean continental block separation, shows an essentially Tethyan dispersal pattern in the Mesozoic and Early Caenozoic.
TL;DR: Crystals of D-ribulose-1,5-biphosphate carboxylase, naturally occurring in the extraplasmatic space of the unicellular green algae Dasycladus clavaeformis, were studied by means of electron microscopy and optical diffraction.
TL;DR: The production of gametangial cysts and the formation of segmented hairs on all terminal branch segments are presented as evidence supporting the validity of the genus Chlorocladus Sonder (Dasycladales, Chlorophyta).
Abstract: The production of gametangial cysts and the formation of segmented hairs on all terminal branch segments are presented as evidence supporting the validity of the genus Chlorocladus Sonder (Dasycladales, Chlorophyta) which, commonly, is placed in synonymy with Dasycladus C. Agardh. Chlorocladus philippinensis Gilbert, sp. nov. is described.