TL;DR: This comprehensive review describes the advances in the phytochemistry of the genus Panax for the period 1963-2012, based on the 134 cited references, with special attention being paid to the structural features of the six different subtypes.
TL;DR: Ginseng is the most commonly used as an adaptogenic agent and has been shown to enhance physical performance, promote vitality, increase resistance to stress and aging, and have immunomodulatory activity.
TL;DR: This review covers the recent developments regarding antineoplastic/cytotoxic triterpenoids, excluding saponins, from higher plants.
Abstract: Man has relied on plants as a source of medicinal agents for centuries. Today, with the specter of antibiotic resistance, emerging infectious diseases, and cancers, phytochemicals continue to provide new structural leads for the chemotherapeutic industry. A number of triterpenoids have shown promise as antineoplastic agents. Members of the cycloartane, lupane, ursane, oleanane, friedelane (especially quinone methides), dammarane, cucurbitacin, and limonoid triterpenoids, have demonstrated anti-proliferative activity on various cancer cell lines. This review covers the recent developments regarding antineoplastic/cytotoxic triterpenoids, excluding saponins, from higher plants.
TL;DR: A genuine glycoside, named ginsenoside Rh4, was isolated from Korean red ginseng through repeated column chromatography, and its chemical structure was established to be 6-O-beta-D-glucopyranosyldammar-20(22),24-diene-3 beta,6 alpha,12 beta-triol by spectral and chemical methods.
Abstract: A genuine glycoside, named ginsenoside Rh4, was isolated from Korean red ginseng (Panax ginseng C. A. Meyer) through repeated column chromatography, and its chemical structure was established to be 6-O-beta-D-glucopyranosyldammar-20(22),24-diene-3 beta,6 alpha,12 beta-triol by spectral and chemical methods. The stereochemistry of a double bond at C-20(22) of ginsenoside Rh4 was characterized as (E) from a NOESY experiment in the 1H-NMR of the aglycone. Cytotoxic activities of ginsenoside Rh4 and its aglycone against cancer cell lines were evaluated by use of the SRB method.