Showing papers on "Dacus published in 2008"
TL;DR: Higher fruit fly diversity was observed in Edo, Ogun and Oyo states in the rainforest ecological zone, and relatively higher populations of major genera (Bactrocera and Ceratitis ) were recorded in Benue and Kaduna states inThe Guinea savanna ecological zone.
Abstract: Introduction . Fruit fly attack on citrus causes economic yield losses in Nigeria. The high demand for sweet oranges in recent times necessitates the need to develop control strategies that can reduce fruit fly damage and ameliorate yield. This can be achieved by identifying the diversity, abundance and spread of major sweet orange fruit flies. Materials and methods . Surveys were conducted during the citrus fruit maturity periods of 2003 and 2006 in citrus-producing areas of Nigeria. Owners of the sampled orchards were interviewed on their cultural practices that could contribute to fruit fly abundance and spread. The fruit flies were sampled by using two types of trap; namely, the McPhail® trap with yeast hydrolysate bait and the yellow sticky trap impregnated with ammonium acetate. The traps were hung on the citrus trees at a distance of 1.8 m from the ground. The distance between trees was 25 m and the traps were replicated three times per site. Results and discussion . Fruit flies identified on citrus belonged to the genera Bactrocera, Ceratitis, Dacus and Trirhithrum. While higher fruit fly diversity was observed in Edo, Ogun and Oyo states in the rainforest ecological zone, relatively higher populations of major genera (Bactrocera and Ceratitis ) were recorded in Benue and Kaduna states in the Guinea savanna ecological zone. Bactrocera species occurrence increased during the second sampling period. Some farmers’ cultural practices were implicated as factors likely to have contributed to fruit fly abundance and spread. Conclusion . Fruit fly species of economic importance to citrus in Nigeria belonged to the genera Ceratitis and Bactrocera species. These genera were observed in the majority of surveyed areas.
39 citations
TL;DR: The fruit of C. mannii was a feeding and egg laying site for D. bivitattus, main pest of this plant, and there were various pests, predators, pollinators and nectarivorous within this fauna.
Abstract: Cucumeropsis mannii Naudin, (Cucurbitaceae) is cultivated in Africa for its important seeds used as food and in the traditional medicine. This work carried out in Yaounde (Cameroon) focuses on the study of the entomofauna of C. mannii, on the impact of insects on plant yield; we studied also some aspects of the biology of Dacus bivitattus, main pest of this plant. Insect captured, breeding and identification were conducted from March to August 2001. The results permitted us to note that on C. mannii the entomofauna included 36 families. Within this fauna, there were various pests, predators, pollinators and nectarivorous. Among the 36 families recorded, 30 were collected on the leaves, 6 on the stems, 6 on the flowers and 2 on the fruits. The total number of fruits and their diameter were higher in unprotected plots than in protected one. The fruit of C. mannii was a feeding and egg laying site for D. bivitattus. The total number of laying spots on a single fruit can reach the number of 20. Larval development took place inside the fruit; before pupation period, the last larval stage changed its coloration to milky white aspect and measured 9 to 10.5 mm in length. These larvae at this stage were mobile. The average time for pupation was 8.3 days. The youngest fruits were more attacked by flies than the older ones. These results constitute an important asset in the research of the protective strategy against natural pest of C. mannii.
27 citations
TL;DR: The present data point to the existence of two fruit morphs in C. procera differing in the acceptability of fruits for oviposition by the aak fruit fly primarily on account of toughness and internal structure of the pericarp.
Abstract: The larvae of Dacus (Leptoxyda) persicus (aak fruit fly) are key predispersal seed predators in Calotropis procera (Asclepiadaceae). Based on fruit characteristics, two morphs are distinguishable in C. procera viz., the soft-fruited morph (SF morph) and the hard-fruited morph (HF morph). The work reported here examined whether the fruit characteristics influenced the infestation by the aak fruit fly and, if so, what mechanism(s) were operative. Fruits in the SF morph were significantly more acceptable to the aak fruit fly than those of the HF morph irrespective of their size class and availability or fly population density. A general ranking of fruit acceptability for oviposition by the aak fruit fly within the fruit size class was: size class III ≥ size class II > size class I and IV. The negative relationship between fruit infestation and pericarp toughness, which is suggestive of trade-offs between the fly’s oviposition obligation and energy/time (predation risk) constraint, was found to correlate with the requirement of greater force to puncture the pericarp in the hard fruits. Lower penetrability of the pericarp in the hard fruits appeared to be primarily due to the thickness of pericarp and secondarily on account of the thickened walls of endocarpic–mesocarpic cells in the inner pericarpic layer. The present data point to the existence of two fruit morphs in C. procera differing in the acceptability of fruits for oviposition by the aak fruit fly primarily on account of toughness and internal structure of the pericarp.
10 citations
Patent•
27 Feb 2008
TL;DR: In this paper, a big siglure, which is characterized by the following: adopting essence, sugar, acetic acid, alcohol and water to dispense; attracting mikaTephritidae and citrus Tephritides to mate pesticide to kill with good eliminating effect.
Abstract: The invention discloses a big siglure, which is characterized by the following: adopting essence, sugar, acetic acid, alcohol and water to dispense; attracting mikaTephritidae and citrus Tephritidae to mate pesticide to kill with good eliminating effect
7 citations
TL;DR: Adult life histories of B. cucurbitae and D. ciliatus had similar mean preoviposition duration and egg hatching success, and these results are useful for improving laboratory-rearing methods and for building simulation models to predict Dacini population dynamics.
Abstract: On Reunion Island, two species of Dacini, Bactrocera cucurbitae (Coquillett) and Dacus ciliatus Loew, infest 16 host plant species belonging to the family Cucurbitaceae from sea level to 1,600 m. These two species represent two primary pests of this plant family on the island. Melon fly, Bactrocera cucurbitae, and Ethiopian fruit fly, D. ciliatus, larval development was studied at four different constant temperatures (15, 20, 25, and 30°C) with three host plants (cucumber, pumpkin, and squash). Adult life histories of these two species were studied at 25°C with the three host plants. The results led to the conclusion that B. cucurbitae had a faster egg incubation time. Its preimaginal instars developed significantly faster than those of D. ciliatus independent of temperature. B. cucurbitae and D. ciliatus had similar mean preoviposition duration and egg hatching success. Fecundity was significantly higher for the melon fly on cucumber and pumpkin and lower on squash. Two distinctly different life- history patterns were evident: (1) later onset of reproduction, longer oviposition time, longer life span, and higher fecundity (B. cucurbitae) and (2) early reproduction, lower oviposition time, shorter life span, and lower fecundity (D. ciliatus). These results are useful for improving laboratory-rearing methods and for building simulation models to predict Dacini population dynamics.