Abstract: 4-(4-Hydroxyphenyl)-2-butanone was characterized from flowers of the orchidDendrobium superbum as a specific attractant factor for the male melon fly,Dacus cucurbitae. The male flies compulsively licked the flower surface and sequestered the compound in significant quantities in their rectal glands. The compound was detected within 6 hr after ingestion and was retained for more than six days in the rectal gland sacs.

Abstract: ‘Eureka’ and ‘Lisbon’ lemons were artificially infested with immature life stages of Queensland fruit fly, Bactrocera tryoni (= Dacus tryoni Froggatt), or Mediterranean fruit fly, Ceratitis capitata (Wiedemann), and stored at 1 ± 0.2°C. Dose-mortality data from infested fruit held in cold storage for up to 14 d showed that first-instar B. tryoni and second-instar C. capitata were the life stages most tolerant of cold. From >43,000 B. tryoni first ins tars and >30,000 C. capitata second instars, none survived to pupation after storage at 1°C for 14 d. Storage of Iemons at 1°C for up to 32 d had no adverse effects on fruit quality.

Abstract: Four dominating species of fruit-fliesDacus zonatus, D. cucurbitae, D. dorsalis andD. ciliatus are widely distributed throughout Pakistan. They cause heavy damage to ripe and semi-ripe fruits and vegetables annually in our country. A natural attractant of plant origin, i.e., from Tulsi (Ocimum sanctum L.) was isolated and extracted in PCSIR Laboratories Complex, Karachi, with a view to applying for the control of fruit-flies. Different extracts of roots, stems, flowers, seeds, bark, and leaves were prepared in chloroform, acetone, ethylene chloride, ethanol, and ethyl acetate; and were tested for trapping fruit-flies in specially designed traps under different field conditions. A cotton pad (0.3 mg) treated with 0.25 ml of leaves extract in ethyl acetate is found to be a potent attractant for luring and trapping the fruit-flies (Dacus spp.) from a distance of 0.8 km. Methyl eugenol used as a standard attractant also gave the same results.

Abstract: A 10-year survey, using host fruit sampling and male lure trapping methods, has detected 18 species of Bactrocera Macquart and Dacus Fabricius in southern China. Of these, four (B. dorsalis (Hendel), B. minax (Enderlein), B. cucurbitae (Coquillett) and B. tau (Walker)) are of major economic importance. Notes are included on 17 further species not recorded during the survey. Dacus (Didacus) fuscans (Wang), new combination, is transferred from Sinodacus Zia, B. tuberculata (Bezzi) is newly recorded from China, and the first host or lure records are provided for B. rubigina (Wang), B. modicus (Hardy), B. hochii (Zia), B. isolata (Hardy), B. scutellaris (Bezzi), B. scutellata (Hendel), B. stenomus (Wang and Zhao) and D. trimacula (Wang).

Abstract: We observed the fruit foraging behavior of mature female oriental fruit flies, Dacus dorsalis Hendel (Diptera, Tephritidae), released individually onto potted field-caged host trees containing fruit of different quality, quantity, or type (no fruit, 3 or 12 uninfested kumquats, 12 infested kumquats, or 3 uninfested sweet oranges). Our findings were largely consistent with foraging-behavior theory, and with previous results for Mediterranean fruit fly, Ceratitis capitata (Wiedemann), and the apple maggot fly, Rhagoletis pomonella (Walsh): (1) flies left fruitless trees soon after release, (2) more flies visited fruit, and flies visited more fruit and spent more time on trees with increasing fruit density, and (3) Giving Up Time (time between last oviposition and leaving the tree) was significantly greater for flies visiting infested fruit than for those visiting uninfested fruit. Oriental fruit flies declined to oviposit in fruit containing conspecific larvae.

Abstract: The Mediterranean fruit fly, Ceratitis capitata (Wiedemann), the melon fly, Dacus cucurbitae Coquillett, and the oriental fruit fly, Dacus dorsalis Hendel, are major pests of fruits and vegetables in Hawaii. D. cucurbitae was introduced into Hawaii from the Orient in 1895; C. capitata from Australia about 1910; and D. dorsalis from the Pacific Islands in 1945 Immediately after the establishment of these fruit flies, importation of exotic parasitoids into Hawaii from Africa, Asia and Australia resulted in outstanding biological control.

Abstract: Among the fruit fly complex in Pakistan Dacus zonatus (Saunders) and D. dorsalis Hendel are serious pests of guava and mango (Ghouri, 1960). In recent years it has been observed that D. dorsalis has also become endemic to almost all the grafted mango cultivars in Sind Province and damage of 1250% is not uncommon by both species of fruit flies. Syed et al. (1970), reported a damage of 25–50% to guava crop by D. zonatus alone particularly in summer season. In some cases where no control measures are adopted, the infestation becomes so serious that the entire guava crop is damaged.

Abstract: Our observations of the complex mating system of natural populations (under totally natural conditions; i.e. in contrast to field-cage conditions) of tephritid species indicate that sexual selection via female choice operates as a powerful force in regulating the effective reproductive population. We have found that for both the medfly, Ceratitis capitata, and the melon fly, Dacus cucurbitae, approximately 25 – 30% of the males accomplish more than 50% of the matings. Equally important is the observation that as many as 30% of the males may never mate while in competition with behaviorally superior males. These findings indicate differential mating success among males and that sexual selection is further intensified by the lek mating system (Arita and Kaneshiro, 1989) observed in these species.

Abstract: The adverse effects of 5 structurally related phenols (catechol, resorcinol, hydroquinone, pyrogallol and phloroglucinol) upon larval performance of the olive fruit fly, Dacus (Bactrocera) oleae, Gmel. (Dipt., Tephritidae) were investigated. Cathechol depressed significantly larval survival and growth as well as pupal weight at the level of 0.005 to 0.08% in the larval medium, while hydroquinone depressed the same parameters at the level of 0.10 to 0.4. Resorcinol depressed the same parameters at the level 0.05 to 0.20 with the exception of pupal weight. Hatchability was depressed only by catechol and hydroquinone at the level of 0.08 and 0.8, respectively. Pyrogallol and phloroglucinol depressed larval survival to pupation at the level of 0.10 to 0.20 and 0.025 to 0.05, respectively. Adult emergence was depressed by all phenols tested with the exception of resorcinol. All phenols caused a delay of 2 to 5 days of larval development to pupation when compared to the control. Zusammenfassung Zur Wirkung einiger Phenole auf die Larven der Olivenfliege, Dacus oleae Gmel. (Dipt., Tephritidae) Die Wirkungen von 5 strukturell verwandten Phenolen (Katechol, Resorcinol, Hydroquinon, Pyrogallol und Phloroglucinol) auf Dacus oleae-Larven und ihre Nachfolgestadien wurden untersucht. Katechol verringerte signifikant das Wachstum und Uberleben der Larven sowie das Puppengewicht nach einer Konzentration von 0,005-0,08 % in der Larvennahrung, wahrend Hydroquinon diese Parameter bei einer Konzentration von 0,1–0,4 % beeinfluste. Resorcinol (0,05–0,20%ig) beeinfluste die Larvenparameter in gleichem Sinne, nicht jedoch das Puppengewicht. Die Schlupfquote der Larven aus den Eiern wurde durch Katechol und Hydroquinon bei 0,08 bzw. 0,8 % gesenkt. Pyrogallol und Phloroglucinol verminderten das Uberleben bei 0,10–0,20 % und die Verpuppungsquote bei 0,025–0,05 % Konzentration. Das Schlupfen der Adulten wurde durch alle getesteten Phenole mit Ausnahme von Resorcinol verringert. Alle Phenole verursachten eine Verzogerung der Larvenentwicklung um 2–5 Tage, verglichen mit Kontrolle.

Abstract: The aim is a practical evaluation of the influence of two different methods to control Dacus Oleae infestation on the chemical composition of olive oil (Olea Europaea), in order to verify the validity and effectiveness of the two strategies with respect to both environment protection and production costs control. A comparison is carried out between the results of two years, which can be considered typical of quite opposite conditions with regard to Dacus Oleae infestation. This confirms that the effectiveness of the «adulticide » method is largely influenced from the seasonal rainfall. When infestation was high, frequent rain during the month of September washed away the pest control product with negative consequences on olives'health

Abstract: The oriental fruit fly, Dacus dorsalis Hendel, has been present in this area for more than 70 years (Shiraki, 1913), as an economic pest of 89 species of fruits in 32 plant families (Chu and Chen, 1985). The fly is distributed throughout the Asian Pacific region, where it attacks the fruits causing economic damage (Shiraki, 1913). During the warmest seasons in northern Taiwan (average 32 °C), the complete life cycle may be completed in as quick as 10 or as slow as 21 days, according to individual habitats.

Abstract: Because of direct crop losses, marketing restrictions, and the threat of infestation to the U.S. mainland, an ambitious program in Hawaii is being directed towards the elimination of four tephritid species: Dacus cucurbitae (Coquillet), Dacus dorsalis (Hendel), Ceratitis capitata (Wiedemann), and Dacus latifrons (Hendel). USDA-ARS is currently conducting pilot tests to demonstrate the feasibility of eradication and to document environmental safety of various control methods, beginning on the island of Kauai.

Abstract: Tephritidae, commonly known as fruit flies, are economically very important as a majority of them are pests of fruits, vegetables and ornamental plants. Fruit flies have so far been identified on the basis of traditional superficial body characters which sometimes pose great problems in their identification. Recent studies of some minute but hitherto unknown characters have shown their remarkable usefulness in separation of species.

Abstract: The effects of treatment with dimethoate against Dacus oleae (Gmel.), using two different doses, have been monitored. A reverse correlation between fly activity and pesticide residues has been pointed out. Decrease of dimethoate residue has been faster for trees treated with low dosage; in this case a limited control of the parasite has been detected. No phytotoxic effects has been founded on cv. Coratina

Abstract: There are 117 species of fruit flies belonging to the Tephritidae family that are reported in Taiwan; however, only the oriental fruit fly Dacus dorsalis Hendel and the melon fly Dacus cucurbitae Coq. are considered of economic importance. For controlling the oriental fruit fly, the government invested more than one million US dollars every year in the male annihilation project. This project, using methyl-eugenol, has an attractants successfully depressed fly population levels. Cuelure is a well known attractant to the melon fly, however, the attractiveness is still not strong enough when using it for control purposes. The mixtures of Cuelure with various ratios of methyl-eugenol have been made and tested both in greenhouse and in the field. Here, the most effective cuelure-mixture for controlling both the melon fly and the oriental fruit fly was found, and the control techniques were also developed.

Abstract: Four economically important tephritid fruit flies have been introduced accidently into the Hawaiian Islands, Dacus cucurbitae Coquillett, melon fly (MF), in 1895, Ceratitis capitata (Wiedemann), Mediterranean fruit fly (MFF), in 1907, Dacus dorsalis Hendel, oriental fruit fly (OFF), in 1945, and Dacus latifrons (Hendel), Malaysian fruit fly (MaFF), in 1983. These fruit flies preclude development of a diversified tropical fruit and vegetable industry in Hawaii, require exported fruits to undergo expensive quarantine treatments, and provide a reservoir for introduction into the mainland U. S.

Abstract: Investigations on host marking pheromones (HMP) of fruit flies were initiated and are still most advanced in the temperate Rhagoletis spp. Ideas and methods generated by this research have stimulated similar investigations in Ceratitis capitata and Anastrepha spp. On the other hand it seems that Dacus spp. do not produce and deposit HMPs as oviposition deterrents (ODP) (Prokopy et al., 1989).

Abstract: Eureka' and 'Lisbon' lemons were artificially infested with immature life stages of Queensland fruit fly, Bactrocera tryoni (=Dacus tryoni Froggatt), or Mediterra- nean fruit fly, Ceratitis capitata (Wiedemann), and stored at 1 :t 0.2°C. Dose-mortality data from infested fruit held in cold storage for up to 14 d showed that first-instar B. tryoni and second-instar C. capitata were the life stages most tolerant of cold. From >43,000 B. tryoni first instars and >30,000 C. capitata second instars, none survived to pupation after storage at 1°C for 14 d. Storage of lemons at 1°C for up to 32 d had no adverse effects on fruit quality.

Abstract: Eradication of the melon fly, Dacus cucurbitae Coquillet, was achieved in Kume island in 1976, and in the Miyako islands in 1986 through the application of the Sterile Insect Technique (SIT). We have been conducting the eradication project on the Okinawa islands since 1986. At first, we looked back over the past two successful examples and we discussed the estimation of wild melon fly population density, and the number of sterile flies to be released for eradication. We also discussed how to deal with the control strategy.