Showing papers on "Dacus published in 1981"
TL;DR: Pleural epidermal glands and sexually dimorphic, enlarged salivary glands were found in males, but not in females, of 7 species of Anastrepha and in 2 species of Ceratitis, and to determine whether particular glands may be characteristic of certain genera.
Abstract: The objectives of this work were to systematically examine males and females of tephritid fruit flies from the genera Anastrepha, Ceratitis, Dacus and Rhagoletis for the presence of possible sex pheromone glands, and to determine whether particular glands may be characteristic of certain genera. Flies from the 4 genera were examined from paraffin embedded histological sections. Pleural epidermal glands and sexually dimorphic, enlarged salivary glands were found in males, but not in females, of 7 species of Anastrepha and in 2 species of Ceratitis. Females of these species do not develop the pleural epidermal glands at all, and although they have salivary glands, the glands do not have the large glandular mass of tissue that is found in males. The pleural glands were similar in all the males, and consisted of a single layer of enlarged, columnar epidermal cells in the pleural region of abdominal segments 3, 4 and 5. The salivary glands of males were divided into 4 types based upon structure. Pleural glands and enlarged salivary glands were searched for, but were not found, in 2 species of Rhagoletis and in 3 species of Dacus. Anal glands, opening externally on the last segment, were confirmed in C. capitata, and were found in C. rosa. Anal glands were not found in any of the other species. A diverticulum from the rectum, the rectal pouch or gland, was confirmed in D. dorsalis, D. cucurbitae and D. tryoni as already published, but this gland was not found in species of other genera. Growth of the pleural glands and salivary glands in males of A. ludens, A. fraterculus and C. capitata was described as a function of age of flies.
33 citations
22 citations
TL;DR: There was a critical period during pupal development that was sensitive to external disturbance which occurred between the initial 18 to 43% segment of the pupal period of each species, with the peak at ca.
Abstract: Flies incapable of flight were detected in mass-reared Mediterranean fruit flies, Ceratitis capitata (Wiedemann), oriental fruit flies, Dacus dorsalis Hendel, and melon flies, D. cucurbitae Coquillett. Part of these nonfliers exhibited symptoms previously described as the droopy wing syndrome, whereas others exhibited symptoms previously undescribed. This flightless condition originated in the pupae when the pupae were sifted from the pupation medium. There was a critical period during pupal development that was sensitive to external disturbance which occurred between the initial 18 to 43% segment of the pupal period of each species, with the peak at ca. 33%. Low pupal holding temperatures adversely affected the eclosion rate of pupae sifted 1 or 2 days after pupation.
22 citations
TL;DR: It is shown that D, opiliae is effectively univoltine and although it was able to infest various cultivated fruits in the laboratory, no evidence of such infestations by natural populations of D. opilie was recorded during this study and the species seem to present no threat to Australia's fruit-growing industries.
Abstract: A newly discovered species of tephritid, Dacus (Bactrocera) opiliae Drew & Hardy, is almost indistinguishable morphologically from the Oriental fruit fly, Dacus dorsalis. and was originally believed to represent an invading population of that species. Breeding by D. opiliae is virtually restricted to the fruit of the native vine Opilia amentacea throughout coastal areas of the Northern Territory and the Kimberleys region of Western Australia. The phenology of the host and aspects of its utilization by D. opiliae are described. Fruit suitable for oviposition is available only for a short period each year from late November to early January. It is shown that D, opiliae is effectively univoltine. Although it was able to infest various cultivated fruits in the laboratory, no evidence of such infestations by natural populations of D. opiliae was recorded during this study and the species seem to present no threat to Australia's fruit-growing industries. Information on host relations of D. jarvisi (Tryon), D. aquilonis (May) and D. tenuifascia (May) is also presented.
21 citations
TL;DR: A new species within the dorsalis complex, Dacus (Bactrocera) opiliae, is described based on cytological, electrophoretic and minor morphological characters, supported by data on geographic distribution, ecology, pheromones and male stridulation.
Abstract: A new species within the dorsalis complex, Dacus (Bactrocera) opiliae, is described. It is based on cytological, electrophoretic and minor morphological characters, supported by data on geographic distribution, ecology, pheromones and male stridulation.
18 citations
TL;DR: SDS gel electrophoresis has revealed, that two polypeptides α and β, are responsible for the formation of the two major bands found during native gel elect phytochemical analysis of Dacus oleae.
10 citations
TL;DR: It is concluded that changing dispersive behaviour and variable lure response of males may have strongly influenced the observed fluctuations of seasonal fluctuations of trap catches of D. opiliae.
Abstract: Changes in trap catches of male Dacus opiliae Drew & Hardy were studied in northern Australia by use of permanently maintained groups of Steiner traps baited with methyl eugenol, an attractant for males of this species. D. opiliae, which is monophagous on a wet-season host species, was common in traps from October to February (wet season) and rare for the remamder of the year. In a second species, D. tenuifascia (May), which is monophagous on a dry-season host, trap catches peaked during the period from August to October after commencement of host fruit production. D. tenuifascia was not absent from traps at any time of the year. Temporal aspects of the seasonal fluctuations of trap catches of D. opiliae could not be explained solely on the basis of increases due to reproduction. Other features, such as the disappearance of D. opiliae from mainland traps during the dry season, were also difficult to explain. It is concluded that changing dispersive behaviour and variable lure response of males. both controlled by environmental variables, may have strongly influenced the observed fluctuations.
8 citations
TL;DR: Fourteen new species of Dacus are described from Cape York Peninsula, northern Queensland and closely related species are assigned to species complexes and a key provided for the 78 recorded Australian species.
Abstract: Fourteen new species of Dacus are described from Cape York Peninsula, northern Queensland: D. (Dacus) bellulus, D. (Pacifodacus) salamander, D. (Bactrocera) absconditus, D. (B.) aeroginosus, D. (B.) antigone, D. (B.) aurantiacus, D. (B.) erubescentis, D. (B.) fuliginus, D. (B.) humilis, D. (B.) peninsularis, D. (B.) perkinsi, D. (B.) romigae, D. (B.) rufofusculus, D. (B.) russeolus. In addition, closely related species are assigned to species complexes and a key provided for the 78 recorded Australian species.
6 citations
1 Jan 1981
TL;DR: Hawaii is the only place where three of the world’s most serious agricultural pests, the oriental fruit fly, the melon fly, and the Mediterranean fruit fly occur together.
Abstract: Hawaii is the only place where three of the world’s most serious agricultural pests, the oriental fruit fly (Dacus dorsalis Hendel), the melon fly (Dacus cucurbitae Coquillett), and the Mediterranean fruit fly (Ceratitis capitata [Wiedemann]), occur together. These insects are highly destructive pests of fruits and vegetables and of many nuts and flowers. Collectively, they attack more than 200 different hosts in Hawaii. In addition, a constant hazard exists that one or more of these destructive fruit flies may be introduced into the continental United States, despite constant and rigid quarantines, because of increased tourist travel and world trade. The melon fly is thought to have been introduced into Hawaii about 1895, probably from Japan. The Mediterranean fruit fly was introduced about 1910, probably from Australia, and the oriental fruit fly about 1944, probably from Saipan. The Mediterranean fruit fly and the oriental fruit fly are major pests of citrus fruits, mangoes, guavas, peaches, apricots, coffee, English walnuts, breadfruit, bananas, papayas, cantaloupes, and many other hosts, while the melon fly is the vegetable grower’s worst pest, attacking tomatoes and cucurbits. For many years we have had an ongoing research program to develop new and better fruit fly lures that could be used for detection, survey, and control of these insects.
TL;DR: Experiments involving surgical removal, or chemical ablation of the sensilla, of various appendages including the antennae, maxillary palps, tip of the ovipositor and labellum indicated that in female Dacus tryoni the male sex pheromone receptors are not restricted to any single location.
Abstract: Experiments involving surgical removal, or chemical ablation of the sensilla, of various appendages including the antennae, maxillary palps, tip of the ovipositor and labellum, alone or in various combinations, indicated that in female Dacus tryoni the male sex pheromone receptors are not restricted to any single location.