Showing papers on "Dacus published in 1976"
TL;DR: Studies on the dispersal rates of normal and σ‐irradiated laboratory‐reared, and wild Dacus oleae (Gmelin) were carried out in an olive grove using protein‐baited McPhail traps, suggesting that wild flies may disperse over greater distances than laboratory‐ reared flies.
Abstract: Studies on the dispersal rates of normal and σ-irradiated laboratory-reared, and wild Dacus oleae (Gmelin) were carried out in an olive grove using protein-baited McPhail traps. No differences were found in the dispersal rates of normal and irradiated laboratory-cultured flies, or between males and females. The mean distance travelled by the surviving flies up to 2 weeks after release was 180–190 m, and by that time only ca. 13% of the flies remained alive in the grove. No laboratory-reared flies were trapped outside the olive grove. The limited amount of data, obtained with wild flies, suggested that they may disperse over greater distances than laboratory-reared flies.
RESUME
DISPERSION EN OLIVERAIE DE DACUS OLEAE PROVENANT DE MOUCHES SAUVAGES OU D'eLEVAGE. IRRADIEES OU NON
L'etude de la vitesse de dispersion de D, oleae soit sauvage, soit elevee en laboratoire, avec ou sans exposition aux rayons σ, a ete realisee en oliveraie en utilisant des pieges Mac Phail, avec pour attractif une proteine. Aucune difference n'a ete enregistree entre la vitesse de dispersion des mouches (quel que soit leur sexe) provenant d'elevage en laboratoire qu'elles aient ete irradiees ou non. La distance moyenne parcourue par les mouches survivantes, deux semaines apres le lâcher, est de 180 a 190 m. Le pourcentage de survie de ces mouches dans le verger, 15 jours apres leur liberation, est de 13% environ. Aucune des mouches provenant d'elevage en laboratoire n'a ete capturee apres le lâcher, en dehors des vergers d'oliviers.
Les resultats obtenus avec les mouches sauvages, bien que plus limites, indiquent que celles-ci peuvent se disperser sur des distances plus importantes que les mouches elevees en laboratoire.
45 citations
TL;DR: The use of a pair of populations removes the problems posed by a structured phylogeny and permits the application of the original test of LEWONTIN and KRAKAUER.
Abstract: The use of a pair of populations removes the problems posed by a structured phylogeny (pointed out by A. Robertson) and permits the application of the original test of Lewontin and Krakauer . In the case of 2 n populations studied a suggestion is made to use only n pairs in such a way that no population appears in more than one pair. Data on Dacus analyzed this way show that at least two out of six genes studied are or have been selected.
30 citations
TL;DR: Acetic acid and acetic anhydride, 2 highly volatile impurities of cue-lure, an attractant for ♂ melon flies, Dacus cucurbitae Coquillett, were found to be attractive to♦ Mediterranean fruit flies, Ceratitis capitata (Wiedemann), in the laboratory.
Abstract: Acetic acid and acetic anhydride, 2 highly volatile impurities of cue-lure, an attractant for ♂ melon flies, Dacus cucurbitae Coquillett, were found to be attractive to ♀ Mediterranean fruit flies, Ceratitis capitata (Wiedemann), in the laboratory. Also, the crude condensation product resulting from the reaction between p -hydroxybenzaldehyde and acetone during the manufacture of cue-lure was attractive as was (to a lesser degree) the spent charcoal used to decolorize and purify the crude product. When dead flies of each sex of the 3 Hawaiian tephritids were exposed in traps in the field, ♀ Mediterranean fruit flies were most attracted to dead ♂ oriental fruit flies, D. dorsalis Hendel. Moreover, in the laboratory, 3 chromatographic fractions of ether extracts of dead oriental fruit flies of mixed sex that had decomposed for 196 h were attractive to ♀ Mediterranean fruit flies and also to ♀ melon flies.
20 citations
1 Jan 1976
TL;DR: It is found that some chemical or physical character of the olive leaves or branches acts to hold females longer on trees of other species and that after arriving on to a fruit, some chemoor physico-tactile cue enables them to distinguish real olives from wax and wooden olive models as potential oviposition sites.
Abstract: We studied the processes by which female olive flies, Dacus oleae (Gmelin), detect olive fruit after arriving on natural or caged olive trees. We found (1) that some chemical or physical character of the olive leaves or branches acts to hold females longer than on trees of other species, (2) that females are attracted to wooden models of olive fruit, with no enhancement of attraction in the presence of an olive fruit odour stream, (3) that females locate individual fruits not by odour but solely by visual characters, in particular, fruit shape, colour, and size, and (4) that after arriving on to a fruit, some chemoor physico-tactile cue enables them to distinguish real olives from wax and wooden olive models as potential oviposition sites.
15 citations
TL;DR: (1) ミカンコミバエDacus darsalis HENDELの羽化の日周期性を解析する実験を行ない,次の結果を得た。
Abstract: (1) ミカンコミバエDacus darsalis HENDELの羽化の日周期性を解析する実験を行ない,次の結果を得た。(2) 温度周期(25:20°C)を与えると,全暗(DD),全明(LL)のいずれの条件でも温度上昇時刻の頃に羽化が集中した。また明暗周期を与えると,25°Cでは暗→明後2時間以内に羽化が集中したが,20°Cでやや遅れる傾向がみられた。(3) 温度周期の後に25, 20°Cに移すと羽化リズムが持続されたが,15°Cでは消失した。明暗周期の後には,DD, LLのいずれでも羽化リズムは持続した。(4) 温度周期(25:20°C,各12時間)の位相を変えると,老熟幼虫を餌から取り出して12日目までの変化ではほぼ新しい周期に同調して羽化するが,13日目では,位相の変化量に応じて異なる結果が得られた。(5) 蛹化後3日目に蛹を土から取り出し,2∼4日目に明暗周期(25°C, 12L:12D)を180度転換させると新しい周期に同調して羽化したが,7∼8日目だと,もとの周期に同調して羽化した。(6) 非24時間の温度周期の場合,温度周期が24時間またはその約数に近いと温度周期に同調して羽化するが,それよりずれると温度周期に同調できなくなる。また24時間に近いと羽化のばらつきが小さく,その倍数の周期の羽化のピーク間隔は,約24時間であった。(7) 暗→明の単一刺激によっても羽化時刻は設定されるが,羽化開始前48時間以内に与えられた場合のみ有効であった。一方,明→暗の単一刺激は効果がなかった。(8) 温度周期(25:20°C,各12時間)と明暗周期(12L:12D)を組み合わせると,明暗周期に関係なく,温度上昇後2時間以内に羽化のピークがみられた。(9) 以上の結果から,この種の羽化時計の性質を2, 3指摘した。
14 citations
1 Jan 1976
11 citations
Journal Article•
8 citations
TL;DR: The distribution of monoamines in the nervous system of Dacus tryoni has been investigated by two fluorescent histological techniques, and tetrahydroisoquinoline method suggested that a secondary amine was the source.
Abstract: The distribution of monoamines in the nervous system of Dacus tryoni has been investigated by two fluorescent histological techniques. The trihydroxyindole method revealed fluorescent regions in the protocerebrum and tracts in the ventral nerve cord running through to the abdomen. The ovarian and spermathecal nerves were fluorescent, as was the stomatogastric nervous system, with the exception of the frontal ganglion. The tetrahydroisoquinoline method suggested that a secondary amine was the source. Fluorescence was greatly diminished in reserpine-fed flies. Uptake of noradrenaline into the same areas listed above was demonstrated by the tetrahydroisoquinoline method in sections of reserpine-fed flies.
6 citations
TL;DR: The non-specific head and body esterases of the melon fly, Dacus cucurbitae Coq.
TL;DR: 1. ミカンコミバエDacus dorsalis HENDELの幼虫のとび出しリズムは,20, 25°Cの恒暗,恒明では周期性はみられなかったが,12L:12Dでは 暗→明の頃にピークがみてれた。
Abstract: 1. ミカンコミバエDacus dorsalis HENDELの幼虫のとび出しは,20, 25°Cの恒暗,恒明では周期性はみられなかったが,12L:12Dでは暗→明の頃にピークがみられた。そして,6L:18Dでは暗期中,18L:6Dでは明期中にとび出す個体が多かった。2. 明暗周期(25°C, 12L:12D)の後に恒暗に保つと,ほぼ24時間の周期でとび出しリズムが持続されたが,恒明では消滅した。3. 20°Cと25°Cの温度周期を与えると,恒暗,恒明共に高温(低温)期の長さに関係なく,温度の低下後2時間以内にとび出しが集中した。高温期が長いほど集中度が高くなった。4. 温度周期(25°C:20°C,各12時間)を与えた後に20°Cに移すと,約24時間周期のとび出しリズムが持続されたが,25°Cではみられず,とび出しが抑制される傾向があった。5. 温度と日長が1月下旬の自然条件下では,暗→明の刺激に反応するのに必要な暗期の長さは5∼7時間であった。25°C, 12L:12Dでは,10時間の暗期が必要であった。6. あらかじめ温度周期(25°C:20°C,各12時間)を与えた後に,高温期のいろいろな時刻に20°Cに移すと,幼虫のとび出しが誘発されたが,高温期の1時間目以前では,温度低下後ピークの出現までに1∼2時間が必要であった。7. 恒暗条件下で温度周期(25°C:20°C,各12時間)を与え,いろいろな時刻に暗→明の刺激を与えると,低温期には反応がみられたが,高温期にはみられなかった。
TL;DR: Of a number of candidate sterilants tested against Dacus tryoni, three mutagens (HMPA, TEPA and TMAC) were effective against both sexes and males sterilized by HMPA or TEPA taken by mouth were slightly less effective than untreated males in securing mates.
Abstract: Of a number of candidate sterilants tested against Dacus tryoni, three mutagens (HMPA, TEPA and TMAC) were effective against both sexes. With HMPA the margin between sterilizing and lethal doses was narrow, but with the others it was wide. Males sterilized by HMPA or TEPA taken by mouth were slightly less effective than untreated males in securing mates. Males sterilized by TMAC applied topically appeared to be hypercompetitive, but this result was probably caused by the sterilant having been spread to the untreated flies with which they were caged. Reserpine produced a slight reduction in both the fecundity and fertility of the females. With repeated application, ketodecenoic acid slightly reduced female fecundity, but two other growth regulators β-ecdysone and the juvenile hormone analogue Altosid, were ineffective.
TL;DR: The introduction of a small proportion of booby-trapped females into a cage population caused a considerable drop in overall fertility, but the sterilant was probably spread more by attempted matings rather than by actual copulation.
Abstract: Females of Dacus tryoni, booby-trapped by topical application of 400 µg of N,N'-tetramethylenebis( 1-aziridinecarboxamide), sterilized males with which they copulated. Sterility in the males was complete and persisted for at least 10 days after mating contact. Booby-trapped females were less attractive to males than untreated females when the sterilant was applied before the flies reached sexual maturity. Attractiveness was not significantly impaired when the females were treated after reaching sexual maturity. Sterile males were as effective as fertile males in winning mates. The introduction of a small proportion (one-tenth) of booby-trapped females into a cage population caused a considerable drop in overall fertility, but the sterilant was probably spread more by attempted matings rather than by actual copulation.
01 Jan 1976-Journal of Environmental Science and Health Part A-toxic\/hazardous Substances & Environmental Engineering
TL;DR: Mortality of both species was lower among treated flies that were fed normally after treatment, especially among those treated at or near the threshold dosages, than among untreated flies, and when both species were deprived of food and water, treated flies survived longer than untreated flies.
Abstract: When oriental fruit flies, Dacus dorsalis Hendel, of mixed sex were supplied with sugar treated with 0.026% thiotepa for 3 days after eclosion no eggs hatched. Only 0.2% hatched when the dose was 0.0065% thiotepa. A dose of 0.10% was toxic to the insects. Mediterranean fruit flies, Ceratitis capitata (Wiedemann), were not completely sterilized at any dose tested although eggs hatched when flies of mixed sex were supplied with 0.051% thiotepa, and only 0.4, 0.7, 0.7, and 0.8% hatched when the dose was 0.051, 0.026, 0.013 or 0.0065%, respectively. A dose of 0.82% was toxic. Mortality of both species was lower among treated flies that were fed normally after treatment, especially among those treated at or near the threshold dosages, than among untreated flies. Also, when both species were deprived of food and water, treated flies survived longer than untreated flies. Treated oriental fruit fly males were 84% as competitive in mating with females as their untreated counterparts; treated male Mediterr...
TL;DR: Cold‐acclimation appeared to suppress initial mating ability of mature insects of both sexes to an extent which depended upon the acclimation regime used, and flies which in certain circumstances were able to mate at an initial frequency similar to that of warm‐acClimated flies.
Abstract: Mating frequency in groups of Dacus tryoni which had been either warm-acclimated or cold-acclimated were compared in temperature regimes ranging from just above mating-threshold to optimal. Cold-acclimation appeared to suppress initial mating ability of mature insects of both sexes to an extent which depended upon the acclimation regime used. The most favourable cold-acclimation regime produced flies which in certain circumstances were able to mate at an initial frequency similar to that of warm-acclimated flies. In no mating regime was initial mating significantly more frequent in any cold-acclimated group than it was in any warm-acclimated group. In most cases warm-acclimated flies in a given regime mated at high frequency for 1–2 days, whereas the cold-acclimated flies mated at low frequency for a greater number of days. In all cases, cold-acclimated flies accumulated a similar or significantly lower total number of matings than warm-acclimated groups. In experiments in which both warm-acclimated and cold-acclimated males competed for cold-acclimated females, the warm-acclimated males always out-competed the cold-acclimated males in two mild (near optimal) regimes. In a relatively harsh (near torpor threshold) regime, there was no significant difference in the competitive abilities of cold-acclimated and warm-acclimated males. The relevance of these results to possible acclimation procedures used in control campaigns involving release of sterile males is discussed.