Topic
Cylindruria
About: Cylindruria is a research topic. Over the lifetime, 5 publications have been published within this topic receiving 74 citations.
Papers
Journal Article•
TL;DR: The examination of the urine sediment shows that proliferative GD and non-proliferative GD differ in many respects.
Abstract: Background The studies on urine sediment particles in patients with glomerular diseases (GD) are few and have focused only on single urine particles. In this study, we investigated the prevalence and number of 12 urine sediment particles in two groups of patients, one with proliferative GD, and the other with non-proliferative GD. Methods The urine sediment of 100 consecutive patients, with a renal biopsy-proven proliferative or non-proliferative GD and marked cylindruria, were examined a few hours before renal biopsy according to a standardized method. The urine particles investigated were erythrocytes, leukocytes, renal tubular cells, lipids and hyaline, hyaline-granular, granular, waxy, erythrocytic, leukocytic, epithelial and fatty casts. Results Patients with proliferative GD (n=52) had both a significantly higher prevalence of microscopic hematuria, leukocyturia, tubular epithelial cells, erythrocytic casts, epithelial casts, and significantly higher amounts of erythrocytes,leukocytes, tubular epithelial cells/20 high power field (HPF), erythrocytic and epithelial casts. On the other hand, patients with non-proliferative GD (n=48) had significantly higher numbers of fatty casts. In proliferative GD, leukocyturia was associated with intracapillary and extracapillary proliferation, crescents and fibrinoid necrosis at renal biopsy. At discriminant analysis, the two types of GD could be identified with 80.8% sensitivity and 79.2% specificity. By multiple logistic regression analysis, patients with erythrocytes, leukocytes and erythrocytic casts in the urine had an odds ratio (OR) of 9.91 (95% confidence interval (95% CI): 1.01-97.51), 7.85 (95% CI: 2.77-22.20), and 4.33 (95% CI: 1.41-13.31), respectively, of having proliferative GD. Conclusions Our examination of the urine sediment shows that proliferative GD and non-proliferative GD differ in many respects.
43 citations
Journal Article•
TL;DR: Animal studies showed that crystallization and cast formation occurred in the medullary and papillary collecting ducts of the rat kidney, providing a possible explanation for the reported nephrotoxicity of triamterene, particularly when given to patients who are receiving non-steroidal anti-inflammatory agents.
Abstract: We examined the occurrence of crystals and casts in the urine of healthy subjects after administration of triamterene and the site of crystal formation in experimental animals. Twenty out of twenty healthy subjects had abundant triamterene crystals and casts in acid urine after receiving a single 100 mg dose. Casts were present in the urine from 2-11 hours after administration of the diuretic. Cast formation occurred in acidic urine and was prevented by alkalinization of the urine with potassium citrate. Animal studies showed that crystallization and cast formation occurred in the medullary and papillary collecting ducts of the rat kidney. These findings provide a possible explanation for the reported nephrotoxicity of triamterene, particularly when given to patients who are receiving non-steroidal anti-inflammatory agents.
20 citations
TL;DR: It was shown by the indirect immunofluorescence method that the casts were composed of uromucoid (Tamm-Horsfall mucoprotein), which is always present in the urine, usually in solution, and originates predominantly from the tubule cells of the ascending limb of Henle's loop.
Abstract: The administration of ethacrynic acid and frusemide to healthy volunteers was regularly followed by the excretion of hyaline casts, without any concomitant proteinuria. Hydrochlorothiazide and chlorthalidone did not themselves induce cylindruria but augmented that provoked by acidifying agents. It was shown by the indirect immunofluorescence method that the casts were composed of uromucoid (Tamm-Horsfall mucoprotein), which is always present in the urine, usually in solution, and originates predominantly from the tubule cells of the ascending limb of Henle's loop. The urinary excretion of Tamm-Horsfall mucoprotein was not increased after the administration of ethacrynic acid. This mucoprotein is precipitated and forms aggregates when the concentration of electrolytes increases and when the pH of the urine declines. The casts that appear in the urine after strenuous physical exertion are of essentially the same composition. Casts produced by patients with kidney diseases, on the other hand, contain various protein fractions derived from the blood as well as mucoprotein. Cylindruria occurring during diuretic therapy and physical exertion is of no pathological significance, and the diagnostic value of byaline casts is very much limited if their exact composition cannot be determined.
17 citations
TL;DR: Red blood cell cylindruria, red blood blood cell intratubular casts and red blood cell-induced tubular injury can also be observed in patients with acute interstitial nephritis and not only in Patients with glomerulonephritis as described so far.
Abstract: A 62-year-old Caucasian man is described who developed acute kidney injury (AKI) and gross hematuria after a course with amoxycillin. At admission, urinalysis showed mild proteinuria, marked microscopic hematuria and cylindruria, which also included red blood cell casts. At renal biopsy an acute interstitial nephritis (AIN) was found, which was associated with many intratubular red blood cells and red blood cell casts, consequent acute tubular injury and red blood cell phagocytosis by tubular cells. After a course with corticosteroids, renal function partly recovered. This case demonstrates that red blood cell cylindruria, red blood cell intratubular casts and red blood cell-induced tubular injury can also be observed in patients with acute interstitial nephritis and not only in patients with glomerulonephritis as described so far.
12 citations
TL;DR: The urine from 40 normal healthy adults was studied before and after they were subjected to a moderate stress, that of running one mile in eight minutes or less, with special emphasis on changes observed in the urinary sediment.
Abstract: The urine from 40 normal healthy adults was studied before and after they were subjected to a moderate stress, that of running one mile in eight minutes or less. Special emphasis was placed on changes observed in the urinary sediment. In 95% of subjects, pronounced cylindruria occurred after the run. The casts excreted were predominantly hyaline in type, but granular casts were also frequently seen. No cellular casts were noted in any subject. The casts were studied using various light microscopic techniques, and also with the aid of a scanning electron microscope. In addition to the cylindruria, proteinuria occurred in 83% of subjects within one hour after stress. In some instances the levels of protein in the urine were detected as high as 2+ to 3+ using “dipstick” methodology. (Quantitation of these values showed ranges as high as 135 mg/dl.) These protein levels decreased gradually; at 24 hours after the run, no subject had detectable “dipstick” proteinuria.
7 citations
Related Topics (5)
Performance Metrics
| Year | Papers |
|---|---|
| 2013 | 1 |
| 2005 | 1 |
| 1986 | 1 |
| 1979 | 1 |
| 1972 | 1 |