TL;DR: This chapter discusses various methods of estimating protein concentration as defined by the difference in energy between the orbital of the unexcited electron and a higher energy orbital.
Abstract: Publisher Summary This chapter discusses various methods of estimating protein concentration. Absorption spectroscopy involves the absorption of a photon by an electron. Only those photons with a certain energy level can be absorbed as defined by the difference in energy between the orbital of the unexcited electron and a higher energy orbital. The peptide bond absorbs photons below 210 nm. Because of the large number of peptide bonds in a protein, this is a highly sensitive area of the protein spectrum. Although protein conformation and some absorption by tryptophan and tyrosine residues occurs in this region, less variability between proteins is observed than at 280 nm. There is a need to avoid storing buffers in plastic containers because some plastics leach plasticizers, which absorb at ultraviolet (UV) wavelengths. Detergents can also be troublesome because many absorb UV light. If the buffer or protein solution is cold, the outside of the cuvette may need to be wiped between each reading with a lint-free wiper and the readings should be made quickly after placing the cold solution into the cuvette, because atmospheric moisture may condense on the outside of the cuvette producing an erroneously high reading.
TL;DR: A cuvette as discussed by the authors is a method of use which prevents nucleic acid amplified by PCR technology from being released to the atmosphere, while still proceeding to a detection step to determine whether or not the nucleic acids is present.
Abstract: A cuvette and a method of use which prevent nucleic acid amplified by PCR technology from being released to the atmosphere, while still proceeding to a detection step to determine whether or not the nucleic acid is present. Detection reagents are either pre-incorporated into compartments in the cuvette or added after amplification. In the latter case, a check valve prevents amplified nucleic acid from being released. Transfer of liquids between compartments is achieved via the use of flexible compartment walls and an external pressure source, or via pistons that are part of the cuvette and operate on the compartments as a piston within a piston chamber.
TL;DR: In this article, the operation and characteristics of liquid lasers with a purely organic medium are described, and a giant-pulse ruby laser is used to pump solutions of organic dyes in various organic solvents in concentrations ranging from 10−3 to 10−6 moles/liter.
Abstract: The operation and characteristics of liquid lasers with a purely organic medium are described. A giant‐pulse ruby laser is used to pump solutions of organic dyes in various organic solvents in concentrations ranging from 10−3 to 10−6 moles/liter. The solutions are contained in plane‐parallel cuvettes acting as laser cavities. Wavelengths from 730 to 870 nm, megawatt peak powers and beam divergence angles of 5 mrad have been observed. The laser wavelength of each dye is tunable over a great part of its fluorescence band, e.g. by a change in concentration.
TL;DR: An automatic analyzing apparatus for effecting chemical analyses for various sample liquids such as blood, urine, and the like, comprising a sample delivery pump for metering a sample liquid into a reaction cuvette, a reagent delivery pump, and circuitry for receiving the photometric results and selecting therefrom given quantitative analytical data of a given test item.
Abstract: An automatic analyzing apparatus for effecting chemical analyses for various sample liquids such as blood, urine, and the like, comprising a sample delivery pump for metering a sample liquid into a reaction cuvette, a reagent delivery pump for delivering to the reaction cuvette a given amount of a given reagent selected from a plurality of reagents contained in a reagent cassette, to form a test liquid, a feed mechanism for successively supplying reaction cuvettes along a circular reaction line, a plurality of photometering sections arranged along the reaction line for effecting a plurality of photometric and/or nephelometric and/or fluorometric measurements for each test liquid at different time instances to produce a plurality of photometric results, and circuitry for receiving the photometric results and selecting therefrom given quantitative analytical data of a given test item.
TL;DR: In this article, the authors proposed a new cuvette for essentially simultaneous sampling of a fluid and analyzing the sample, which comprises a body member having at least one cavity defined by surrounding walls, into which sample is permitted to enter by capillary force through an inlet communicating said cavity with the exterior of the body member.
Abstract: Disposable cuvette for essentially simultaneous sampling of a fluid and analyzing the sample. The new cuvette comprises a body member having at least one cavity defined by surrounding walls, into which cavity the sample is permitted to enter by capillary force through an inlet communicating said cavity with the exterior of the body member. According to the invention, the cuvette is characterized in that at least a portion of the walls facing the cavity consists of a semipermeable membrane, optionally with an integrated electrode and/or sensor system, and that at least one reagent or reagent system is incorporated in the cuvette.