Culvert

Abstract: THE STRUCTURAL PERFORMANCE OF FLEXIBLE PIPE CULVERTS WAS STUDIED WITH THE OBJECTIVE OF DEVELOPING A RATIONAL THEORY OF DESIGN. LABORATORY TEST RESULTS JUSTIFIED THAT EVEN THOUGH THE DEFLECTIONS AND ACCOMPANYING CHANGES IN RADIUS OF CURVATURE WERE RELATIVELY LARGE, THE ELASTIC THEORY WA APPLICABLE TO CORRUGATED METAL PIPES UNDER TWO POINT LOADING WITHIN A TOLERANCE PROBABLY NO GREATER THAN THAT OCCASIONED BY VARIATIONS IN THE MODULUS OF ELASTICITY OF THE METAL, VARIATIONS IN GAGE THICKNESS, DEPTH AND SPACING OF CORRUGATIONS, AND OTHER VARIABLES INHERENT I IN THE MANUFACUTE OF THIS TYPE OF CONDUIT. IT WAS ASSUMED THAT THE THEORY WOULD APPLY FOR A CORRUGATED CULVERT PIPE INSTALLED UNDER AN EMBANKMENT. THE HYPOTHESIS OF THE FILL LOADS WAS SUMMARIZED. A DESIGN FORMULA FOR THE HORIZONTAL DEFLECTION OF FLEXIBLE CULVERT PIPE WAS GIVEN AND ITS APPLICABILITY TESTED IN FIELD STUDIES.

Abstract: Hydraulic Design series No. 5 combines culvert design information previously contained in Hydraulic Engineering Circulars (HEC) No. 5, No. 10, and No. 13 with hydrologic, storage routing, and special culvert design information. The result is a comprehensive culvert design publication. Hydrologic analysis methods are described, and references cited. Culvert design methods are presented for both conventional culverts and culverts with inlet improvements. Storage routing techniques are included which permit the designer to account for ponding effects upstream of the culvert. Unique culvert applications, erosion and sediment control, debris control, structural aspects, and long-span culverts are discussed and references cited. Inlet control, outlet control, and critical depth design charts, many of which are newly developed, are included for a variety of culverts sizes, shapes, and materials. New dimensionless culvert design charts are provided for the design of culverts lacking conventional design nomographs and charts. The appendices of the publication contain the equations and methodology used to construct the design charts, information of the hydraulic resistance of culverts, and methods of optimizing culvert design using performance curves and inlet depression. Calculation forms are provided for most of the design methodologies in the manual. The second edition corrected minor errors and provided both SI and English (U.S. customary) units for all equations and design charts.

Abstract: Introduction to Municipal Stormwater Management Stormwater Management Paradigms Understanding Stormwater Management Problems and Solutions The Organization of the Rest of the Book Stormwater Management Programs The Stormwater Management Program Functional Perspective of Functional Stormwater Management Overview of the Legal Aspects of Stormwater Management Overview of the Technical Aspects of Stormwater Management Overview of the Organizational Aspects of Stormwater Management Overview of the Financial Aspects of Stormwater Management Typical Stormwater Management Problem Areas Three Example Programs Characteristics of Successful programs The Stormwater Program Feasibility Study Public Awareness and Involvement Introduction Defining the "Public" Plan to Include the Public Public Program Techniques The Stormwater Advisory Committee Volunteer Programs Dealing with the Media Risk Communications Technical Communications References Ordinances, Regulations, and Documentation Introduction Legal Basis and Considerations Municipal Ordinances Drafting Local Ordinances and Regulations Flexibility in a Stormwater Management Program When to Adopt an Ordinance The Complete Stormwater Management Program Documentation Documentation for Legal Proceedings References Appendix A - Example Stormwater Management Ordinance 59 Financing Stormwater Management Programs Financing Needs of Stormwater Management Programs Major Stormwater Funding Methods Stormwater Utility Overview Utility Funding Methods Stormwater Utility Policy Issues Steps in a Typical Financing Study Typical Financing Feasibility Study Scop of Services References Data Availability and Collection Overview Sources and Types of Data Major Data Types Data Acquisition, Survey Information and Field Reviews Data Evaluation Precipitation Data Collection Flow Data Collection Flow Data Collection-Natural Controls Flow Data Collection-Tracer Methods Environmental Data Considerations and Collection References Appendix A - Sources of Data Appendix B - Field Investigation Form and Check List Urban Hydrology Introduction Concept Definitions Hydrologic Design Policies Design Frequency and Risk Hydrologic Procedure Selection Calibration Precipitation and Losses Rational Method SCS Hydrologic Methods References Storm Drainage Systems Introduction Concept Definitions Pavement Drainage Stormwater Inlet Overview Design Frequency and Spread Gutter Flow Calculations Grate Inlet Design Curb Inlet Design Combination Inlets Energy Losses in a Pipe System Storm Drains Environmental Design Considerations References Appendix A - Metric Design Features Design of Culverts Introduction Concept Definitions Culvert Design Steps and Criteria Culvert Flow Controls and Equations Design Procedures Culvert Design Example Long Span Culvert Design of Improved Inlets Design Procedures for Beveled-Edged Inlets Flood Routing and Culvert Design HYDRAIN Culvert Computer Program References Appendix A - Nomographs and Charts-English Units Appendix B - Nomographs and Charts-Metric Units Open Channel Design Introduction Design Criteria Hydraulic Terms and Equations Manning's n Values Manning's n Handbook Best Hydraulic Section Uniform Flow Calculations Critical Flow Calculations Vegetative Design Approximate Flood Limits Uniform Flow - Example Problems Gradually Varied Flow Gradually Varied Flow - Example Problems Hydraulic Jump Construction and Maintenance Considerations Stability of Channels Channel Bank Protection Floodplain Management Environmental Features of Channel Projects References Storage and Detention Facilities Introduction Uses and Types of Storage Facilities Design Criteria Safe Dams Act General Design Procedure for Storage Routing Outlet Hydraulics Extended Detention Outlet Design Preliminary Detention Calculations Routing Calculations Example Problem Chainsaw Routing Technique for Spreadsheet Application Modified Rational Method Detention Design Hand Routing Method for Small Ponds Land-Locked Retention Retention Storage Facilities Retention Facility Example Problem Construction and Maintenance Considerations Protective Treatment References Energy Dissipation Introduction Recommended Energy Dissipators Design Criteria Design Procedure Local Scourhole Estimation Riprap Aprons Riprap Basin Design Baffled Outlets Downstream Channel Transitions References Structural Best Management Practices Introduction Surface Waters and Mitigation Measures Estimation of Pollutant Concentration and Loads General Effectiveness of Structural Management Measures Selection of Structural Management Measures References Stormwater Master Planning The Role of Stormwater Master Planning The Master Planning Process Holistic Watershed Planning Computer Model Choice for Master Planning Typical Master Plan Types Limitations of Master Plans References Appendix A - Example Multi-Objective Master Plan Appendix B - Non-Structural Flood Control Overview Stormwater Quality Management Plans Urban Runoff Quality Water Quality Act Overview Basic Approach Philosophy The SWQMP Development Process Evaluation of Best Management Practices BMP Lists for the Four Program Areas Non-Structural Best Management Practices References Site Planning References Construction Introduction Construction Costs Construction Plans Pre-construction Conference Construction Considerations Hydrologic Considerations Erosion and Sediment Control Considerations Culvert Considerations Bridge Considerations Open Channel Considerations Storm Drain Considerations Temporary Stormwater Management Facilities As Built Plans References Maintenance Introduction Developing Municipal Maintenance Programs Detention Facilities Storm Drains Culverts Bridges Ditches Stormwater Inlets Slope Drains Wash Checks and Energy Dissipators Bank Protection Underdrains Pavement Edge Drains References Index