Cubic yard

Abstract: A concrete composition having a 28-day design compressive strength of 3000 psi and a slump of about 5 inches is optimized to have high workability and a high strength to cement ratio The concrete composition contains about 299 pounds per cubic yard hydraulic cement (eg, Portland cement), about 90 pounds per cubic yard pozzolanic material (eg, Type C fly ash), about 1697 pounds per cubic yard fine aggregate (eg, FA-2 sand), about 1403 pounds per cubic yard coarse aggregate (eg, CA-11 state rock, inch), about 269 pounds per cubic yard water (eg, potable water), and about 14 fluid ounces of air entraining agent per cwt of hydraulic cement Workability and strength to cement ratio were increased compared to one or more preexisting concrete compositions having the same 28-day design compressive strength and similar slump by optimizing the ratio of fine aggregate to coarse aggregate The concrete composition is further characterized by high cohesiveness, resulting in relatively little or no segregation or bleeding

Abstract: : Repetitive surveys of the above MSL beach were made along 20 profile lines at Westhampton Beach, on the south shore of Long Island, New York, from 1962 to 1973. After the study had begun, a large groin field (15 groins) with associated beach fill was constructed in the middle of the area being surveyed. The data show that shoreline erosion of 2 to 3 meters (6.6 to 9.8 feet) per year within and updrift of the groin field was reversed after groin construction; shoreline erosion downdrift (west) of the groin field accelerated to at least 28 meters (96 feet) per year. Profile lines updrift (east) of the groin field accreted at a rate of 1.10 meters (3.6 feet) per year as measured at the MSL shoreline and showed an increase of 3.68 cubic meters per meter (1.47 cubic yards per foot) per year in sand stored on the beach above MSL. The shoreline within the groin field accreted at a rate of 3.45 meters (11.3 feet) per year and the beach unit volume increased at a rate of 11.92 cubic meters per meter (4.75 cubic yards per foot) per year, including beach fill. Downdrift of the groin field the profiles showed an average MSL shoreline gain of 0.66 meters (2.2 feet) per year and an average unit volume loss of 0.12 cubic meter per meter (0.05 cubic yard per foot) per year. The largest changes measured resulted from the storm of 22 March 1973, which eroded the shoreline an average of 20 meters (65.6 feet) and removed an average of 29 cubic meters per meter (11.6 cubic yards per foot) of beach front above the MSL elevation. Beach changes were found to be seasonal, with the least amount of sand above MSL from January to May.

Abstract: A general purpose plant growth medium and planting methods incorporating shredded coastal redwood bark for use in planting. In some embodiments the shredded coastal redwood bark fibers vary in length from about 0.125-14 inches and comprise about 10-100% of the plant growth medium volume. In some embodiments the plant growth medium is compacted to an approximate unhydrated density of about 200-400 pounds per cubic yard.