TL;DR: In this article, an unsaturated poroelasticity theory is proposed to model the deformation of all the phases during the freezing process of concrete, and the analysis indicates that the air voids act both as expansion reservoirs and efficient cryo-pumps whose respective effects are quantitatively assessed.
TL;DR: Two distinct steady-state modes of periodic ice banding were observed in the range of freezing rates examined, and it is argued that compressive cryosuction forces lead to the irreversible aggregation of the rejected particles into a close-packed cohesive layer.
Abstract: Concentrated colloidal alumina dispersions were frozen in a directional solidification apparatus that provides independent control of the freezing rate and temperature gradient. Two distinct steady-state modes of periodic ice banding were observed in the range of freezing rates examined. For each mode, the wavelength between successive bands of segregated ice decreases with increasing freezing rate. At low freezing rates (0.25–3 μm s–1), the ice segregates from the suspension into ice lenses, which are cracklike in appearance, and there is visible structure in the layer of rejected particles in the unfrozen region ahead of the ice lenses. In this regime, we argue that compressive cryosuction forces lead to the irreversible aggregation of the rejected particles into a close-packed cohesive layer. The temperature in the aggregated layer is depressed below the bulk freezing point by more than 2 °C before the ice lenses are encountered; moreover, this undercooled region appears as a light-colored layer. The m...
TL;DR: In this paper, a review of different terms used for describing the process of water migration to the freezing zone is presented and a short literature review and a discussion of the concept of potential of soil water is presented.
TL;DR: In this paper, a microstructure-based model was proposed to investigate the effects of freezing on micro-internal damage and macro-mechanical property changes of cement-based systems.
TL;DR: In this article, a poro-elastic analysis is performed to account for the pressure time history of water-infiltrated pores within a material subjected to freezing, and a thermodynamic-mechanical equilibrium of undercooled water and ice crystal, and Poiseuille-like flow through the connection channels, combine to reveal three successive mechanisms: in-pore crystallization, partial melting and a micro-cryosuction process, driving liquid water from the yet unfrozen pores to the frozen sites.